NCERT Book for Class 9 Geography Chapter 4

In the last two chapters you have read aboutthe landforms and the drainage ofour country. These are the two of the threebasic elements that one learns about the naturalenvironment of any area. In this Chapter youwill learn about the third, that is, theatmospheric conditions that prevail over ourcountry. Why do we wear woollens in Decemberor why it is hot and uncomfortable in the monthof May, and why it rains in June - July? Theanswers to all these questions can be found outby studying about the climate of refers to the sum total of weatherconditions and variations over a large area fora long period of time (more than thirty years).Weather refers to the state of the atmosphereover an area at any point of time. The elementsof weather and climate are the same, , atmospheric pressure, wind,humidity and precipitation. You may haveobserved that the weather conditions fluctuatevery often even within a day.

Figure 4.1 : Arrival of Monsoon Jet stream: These are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams have been identified. The most constant are the mid-latitude and the sub-tropical jet stream. 2019-20

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