Transcription of NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION IN …
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INVITED REVIEWABSTRACT: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the clini-cal uses of NEUROMUSCULAR ELECTRICAL STIMULATION (NMES) for functional andtherapeutic applications in subjects with spinal cord injury or stroke. Func-tional applications refer to the use of NMES to activate paralyzed muscles inprecise sequence and magnitude to directly accomplish functional tasks. Intherapeutic applications, NMES may lead to a specific effect that enhancesfunction, but does not directly provide function. The specific neuroprostheticor functional applications reviewed in this article include upper- and lower-limb motor movement for self-care tasks and mobility, respectively, bladderfunction, and respiratory control.
utilizes the minimal stimulus frequency that pro-duces a fused response.26,173,200 Ideal stimulation fre-quencies range from 12–16 Hz for upper-limb appli-cations and 18–25 Hz for lower-limb applications (frequency range for NMES systems is 10–50 Hz). Greater muscle force generation is accomplished by
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