Transcription of Operational Amplifiers: Basics and Design Aspects
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1 Operational Amplifiers: Basics and Design Aspects A tutorial by Jonathan Ames 2 Table of Contents 1. Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) 4 Symbols and Schematic .. 4 Kirchhoff s Current Law applied to Op-amps .. 6 input / output Impedance .. 8 Supply voltages .. 10 Open/Closed Loop Gain, Positive/Negative 11 Frequency Response .. 12 Basic Op-Amp 13 Inverting amplifier .. 13 Non-inverting amplifier .. 14 Comparator .. 15 Voltage follower .. 16 2. Op-amp Circuits .. 18 Derived Op-Amp 18 Summation amplifier .. 18 Integration .. 19 20 Differential amplifier .. 21 Applied Op-Amp 22 Audio amplifier .. 22 Instrumentation 24 Precision full-wave 26 Voltage-to-Current 27 3.
output impedance value could be between 0-100 Ω, while an input impedance could be around 1 MΩ. [1,2] The figure below illustrates the benefits of a high input impedance and a low output impedance by introducing an op-amp circuit called a voltage follower which will be revisited again later in the tutorial. Figure 7.
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