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Overview of Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) in R

Overview of Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) in R Coordinate Reference Systems CRS provide a standardized way of describing locations. Many different CRS are used to describe geographic data. The CRS that is chosen depends on when the data was collected, the geographic extent of the data, the purpose of the data, etc. In R, when data with different CRS are combined it is important to transform them to a common CRS so they align with one another. This is similar to making sure that units are the same when measuring volume or distances. Package sp and rgdal is used to assign and transform CRS in R: library(rgdal) library(sp) In R, the notation used to describe the CRS is proj4string from the library. It looks like this: +init=epsg:4121 +proj=longlat +ellps=GRS80 + datum =GGRS87 +no_defs +towgs84= , , There are various attributes of the CRS, such as the projection, datum , and ellipsoid.

coordinate systems begin with this description. A Globe The Datum: Defines origin and orientation of the coordinate axes (as well the size/shape of Earth) A Map A 2D representation of the 3D Earth with Easting/Northing coordinates An overview of ellipses, datums, and projections The Projection: Project the globe onto a 2D surface There are lots of

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