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Part 3 REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION OF ULTRASONIC …

Part 3 REFLECTION AND. TRANSMISSION OF. ULTRASONIC WAVES. Nearly all applications of ultrasonics involve the interaction of waves with boundaries. Nondestructive testing, medical imaging and sonar are ready examples of this. Even basic studies of material properties, usually involving the attenuation of waves, require in the final analysis accounting for boundary interactions. REFLECTION / TRANSMISSION - normal incidence The simplest situation of REFLECTION and TRANSMISSION occurs when waves are impinging normal to the surface. In Fig. , the case of a longitudinal wave incident on the interface between two media is shown. This situation may be described mathematically in terms of three propagating waves Incident Wave REFLECTION 1 , c1. 2, c2. TRANSMISSION Figure REFLECTION and TRANSMISSION of an acoustic wave at normal incidence to a plane boundary. 3-1. ui = Ai sin ( k1 x t ) , ( ). ur = Ar sin [ ( k1 x + t )] , ( ). ut = At sin( k 2 x t ).

This means that perfect matching (total transmission and zero reflection) can be achieved even between widely different impedances if a quarter-wavelength matching layer of ZZZo = 12 acoustic impedance is applied at the interface. Let us denote the center frequency where the layer thickness equals to one quarter-wavelength by fo. In the ...

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