Phala Network: A Con dential Smart Contract Network Based ...

Phala Network : A Confidential Smart ContractNetwork Based on PolkadotHang YinShunfan ZhouJun JiangOctober 17, 20191 IntroductionNowadays the security of the permissionless blockchain is typically guaranteedby state replication over consensus algorithms. Though this approach workswell for blockchain, it also means that everything on the blockchain ispublic,which brings a problem: confidential information cannot be handled by theblockchain. The lack of confidentiality greatly limits the usage of blockchain inprocessing sensitive business and user data. For example, stock traders usuallydo not want to reveal their positions or order history. What s more, all of theprivacy-related DApps on the Ethereum cannot comply with the General DataProtection Regulation and thus will be prevented in European methodologies have been proposed to address the privacy and Zcash implemented private transaction by ring signature [13] andzk-SNARK [11] technology, but their methods can only provide privacy for cryp-tocurrencies and are hard to be extended to general-purpose Smart (Multi-Party Computing) can theoretically run arbitrary programs with-out revealing intermediate states to the participants, with the expense of a per-formance overhead of 106times [9], which makes it impractical for real worlduse new approach is to utilize special hardware, , Trusted Execution En-vironment (TEE)

Intel SGX and the Remote Attestation protocol is the foundation of con den-tial contract. Except for Intel SGX, there are also alternative implementation choices like AMD SEV [1] and ARM TrustZone [2]. 2.2 Event Sourcing and CQRS Event Sourcing is a software design pattern. Instead of storing the latest state of

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