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PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION AND THE EXTRACTION OF ...
CHAPTER. 2. PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION AND. THE EXTRACTION OF SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS. FROM LIQUIDS. MARTHA J. M. WELLS. Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources and Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee PRINCIPLES OF EXTRACTION . This chapter focuses on three widely used techniques for EXTRACTION of semi- volatile organics from liquids: liquid liquid EXTRACTION (LLE), solid-phase EXTRACTION (SPE), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Other tech- niques may be useful in selected circumstances, but these three techniques have become the EXTRACTION methods of choice for research and commercial analytical laboratories. A fourth, recently introduced technique, stir bar sorp- tive EXTRACTION (SBSE), is also discussed.
by determining the gaseous, G, to liquid, L, distribution ratio, K D, also called the nondimensional,ordimensionless, Henry’s law constant, H0. H0 ¼ K D ¼ ½X G ½X L ð2:3Þ The larger the magnitude of the Henry’s law constant, the greater the ten-dency for volatilization from the liquid solvent into the gaseous phase [2–4].
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