Publication Bias - Meta-analysis

CHAPTER 30 Publication BiasIntroductionThe problem of missing studiesMethods for addressing biasIllustrative exampleThe modelGetting a sense of the dataIs there evidence of any bias ?Is the entire effect an artifact of bias ?How much of an impact might the bias have?Summary of the findings for the illustrative exampleSome important caveatsSmall-study effectsConcluding remarksINTRODUCTIONW hile a Meta-analysis will yield a mathematically accurate synthesis of the studiesincluded in the analysis, if these studies are a biased sample of all relevant studies, thenthe mean effect computed by the Meta-analysis will reflect this bias . Several lines ofevidence show that studies that report relatively high effect sizes are more likely to bepublished than studies that report lower effect sizes. Since published studies are morelikely to find their way into a Meta-analysis , any bias in the literature is likely to bereflected in the Meta-analysis as well.

Publication Bias Introduction The problem of missing studies Methods for addressing bias Illustrative example ... (for example personal communication, in press documents and data on file), and slightly over 1% were to books or book ... cost bias (selective inclusion of studies that are available free or at low cost);familiaritybias ...

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