Transcription of Quantum Physics III Chapter 2: Hydrogen Fine Structure
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Chapter 2. Fine Structure c B. Zwiebach Review of Hydrogen atom The Hydrogen atom Hamiltonian is by now familiar to you. You have found the bound state spectrum in more than one way and learned about the large degeneracy that exists for all states except the ground state. We will call the Hydrogen atom Hamiltonian H (0) and it is given by p2 e2. H (0) = . ( ). 2m r We take this to be the known Hamiltonian, meaning that we know its spectrum. This Hamiltonian is supplemented with corrections that can be studied in perturbation theory. That study is the subject of this Chapter . We begin, however, with some review and comments. The mass m in H (0) is the reduced mass of the electron and proton, which we can accurately set equal to the mass of the electron.
n. This degeneracy explained by the existence of a conserved quantum Runge-Lenz vector. For a given nthe states with various ℓ’s correspond, in the semiclassical picture, to orbits of different eccentricity but the same semi-major axis. The orbit with ℓ= 0 is the most eccentric one and the orbit with maximum ℓ= n− 1 is the most ...
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