Transcription of Reactions of Benzene & Its Derivatives
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Reactions of Benzene & Its Derivatives
organic lecture Series1 Reactions of Reactions of Benzene & Benzene & Its DerivativesIts DerivativesChapter 22 organic lecture Series2 Reactions of BenzeneReactions of BenzeneThe most characteristic reaction of aromatic compounds is substitution at a ring carbon:++ChlorobenzeneHalogenation:HClCl 2 FeCl3 HCl++NitrobenzeneNitration:HNO2 HNO3H2SO4H2 OOrganic lecture Series3+Benzenesulfonic acidSulfonation:HSO3 HSO3H2SO4++An alkylbenzeneAlkylation:RRXAlX3HX++Acylat ion:An acylbenzeneHRCXAlX3 HXOCROHR eactions of BenzeneReactions of BenzeneOrganic lecture Series4 RArenesAlkylbenzenesAlCl3 RClCarbon-Carbon Bond Formations: organic lecture Series5 Electrophilic Aromatic SubstitutionElectrophilic Aromatic Substitution Electrophilic aromatic substitution:Electrophilic aromatic substitution: a reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile In this section: several common types of electrophiles how each is generated the mechanism by which each replaces hydrogen++HEE+H+ organic lecture Series6 EAS: General MechanismEAS: General Mechanism A general mechanism
Organic Lecture Series 23 • The electrophile is an acylium ion R-C Cl O Cl Cl Al-Cl O R-C Cl Al Cl Cl Cl O R-C+ AlCl 4-Aluminum chloride An acyl chloride A molecular complex with a positive charge charge on chlorine A n ion pair containing an acylium ion + - •• •• •• + (1) (2) •• •• Friedel-Crafts Acylation Organic Lecture ...
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