Transcription of RESEARCH SERIES Observational research methods. …
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RESEARCH SERIES Observational research methods. …
RESEARCH SERIESO bservational RESEARCH methods . RESEARCH design II:cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studiesC J Med J2003;20:54 60 Cohort, cross sectional, and case-control studies arecollectively referred to as Observational studies. Oftenthese studies are the only practicable method ofstudying various problems, for example, studies ofaetiology, instances where a randomised controlled trialmight be unethical, or if the condition to be studied israre. Cohort studies are used to study incidence, causes,and prognosis. Because they measure events inchronological order they can be used to distinguishbetween cause and effect.
tive of the basic design is given in box 1. Every published study should contain suffi-cient information to allow the reader to analyse the data with reference to these key points. In this article each of the three important observational research methods will be discussed with emphasis on their strengths and weak-nesses.
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