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SINGLE SUBJECT RESEARCH What Are Single-Subject/System ...

SINGLE SUBJECT 1 SINGLE SUBJECT RESEARCH What Are SINGLE - SUBJECT /System Designs? SINGLE - SUBJECT designs involve in-depth quantitative study of the response of an individual or a group of individuals to an intervention or the withdrawal of that intervention (Szymanski, 1993). Basically, SINGLE - SUBJECT designs, focus on a SINGLE individual in a RESEARCH sample (Alberto & Troutman, 1990), are the extension of the quasi- experimental studies time-series designs (Wang, 1995) or a variation of the time-series/within-subjects design (Dooley, 1990). The interrupted-time-series design represents the logical extension of the general observation-treatment-observation design (Elmes, Kantowitz, & Roediger, 1992).

Characteristics of Single-Subject/System Designs According to Kratochwill and Williams (1988), single-case experimental designs have following five characteristics: 1. The researcher repeatedly assesses the DV across various phases of the experiment. Data collected prior to, during, and following the intervention allow measurement of changes

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VALIDITY OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

courses.phhp.ufl.edu

Campbell and Stanley (1963), Cozby (2001), and others classify validity as internal validity and external validity. Cook and Campbell (1979) added two additional types: statistical conclusion validity (often considered under internal validity) and construct validity of causes or effects (often considered under internal validity).

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NEEDS ANALYSIS What Is Needs Analysis/Assessment? …

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• Needs analysis, involving the identification and evaluation of needs, is a tool for decision making in the human services and education. Decisions can be varied, including such as resource allocation, grant funding, and planning. In other words, needs assessment is a

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– Personal Interest – Intuition – Need Research Questions • Questions that guide your research. Ideally, a ... “glue” of the relationship we are studying. • As with most other facets of research, there ... measurement scheme” (p. 4). • Bolton and Parker (1992) define a variable as “characteristics ...

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Quasi-experimental research designs, like experimental designs, test causal hypotheses. A quasi-experimental design by definition lacks random assignment. Quasi-experimental designs identify a comparison group that is as similar as possible to the treatment group in terms of baseline (pre-intervention) characteristics.

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