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STRUCTURALISM AND DEPENDENCY - …
419 CHAPTER 15 STRUCTURALISM AND DEPENDENCYINTRODUCTIONThis chapter examines why many Latin American countries whose economic devel-opment until the Second World War had been shaped overwhelmingly by agricul-ture and mining embarked on strategies that, instead, made industrialization a toppriority. It looks at the main economic argument that justified this policy shift, called STRUCTURALISM , and the profound implications this would have for the stateand the character of politics in Latin America. The strategies proposed and adoptedby economists to exploit a country s resources are of great importance to the waysin which social and political systems evolve. They determine who will be the mainwinners in a process of economic development and who will be the losers. In turn, they shape the nature of the state and the behaviour of the political actors whoseek to influence its policymaking role.
POLITICS LATIN AMERICA 420 the emergence of unwieldy, centralizing states comprising large, bureaucratic minis-tries, and political expressions in the populism and corporatism that allowed elites
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