Transcription of Study Design - Jones & Bartlett Learning
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Study Design - Jones & Bartlett Learning
222 Study DesignDesigning a research Study is not a simple task. Just as the key elements anddeterminants of outcomes of war are fixed even before it is fought ( , at itsplanning stages), the success of a Study is also largely determined at its initialplanning stage. Successful studies need to address two important dimen-sions: reliability and validity. A reliable Study should be replicable, providingsimilar results if the same Study parameters are applied. Validity is concernedwith the ability of the Study to correctly answer the question it asks. Internalvalidity deals with the ability of the Study to correctly infer about the relation-ship between the independent variables and the outcome(s) being validity deals with application of the findings to other observations,samples, or populations and implies generalizability of the Study results. Theneed for reliability and validity of studies dictates sound Study designs. outlines some of the important steps in designing a Study , as well as somepossible problems and solutions to common misunderstanding about studies comes into focus in the dis-cussion section of Study reports where most associations are simply assumedto be causal and investigators then proceed to interpret the causal associ-ation.
Types of Study Designs: Observational Studies 27 BOX 2.2 General Properties of Case-Control Studies(Continued) • Hospital/clinics—hospital and clinic attendees; their disease status should, however, not be related to the disease being studied, and referral pattern should be similar to that of cases.
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