Transcription of TERATOGENS AND THEIR EFFECTS
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23-1 Wendy Chung, : 851-5313e-mail: congenital malformation is an anatomical or structural abnormality present at birth. Congenitalmalformations may be caused by genetic factors or environmental insults or a combination of thetwo that occur during prenatal development. Most common congenital malformations demonstratemultifactorial inheritance with a threshold effect and are determined by a combination of genetic andenvironmental factors. During the first two weeks of gestation, teratogenic agents usually kill theembryo rather than cause congenital malformations.
greater the likelihood of a spontaneous miscarriage or shortened life span. ... critical period of exposure appears to be from the second to the fifth week of gestation. The most ... rubella during the second and third trimester results in a much lower frequency of malformation, but
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