Testing for Language Teachers - The Library of …

Testing for Language TeachersSecond EditionArthur Hughespublished by the press syndicate of the university of cambridgeThe Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United Kingdomcambridge university pressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 2ru, UK40 West 20th Street, New York, ny10011 4211, USA477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, vic 3207, AustraliaRuiz de Alarc n 13, 28014 Madrid, SpainDock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town 8001, South Cambridge University Press 1989, 2003 This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University published 1989 Second edition 2003 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, CambridgeTypefaceSabon [od&i]A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Libraryisbn 0 521 823250 hardbackisbn 0 521 484952 paperbackviiAcknowledgementspageixPrefac exi1 Teaching and testing12 Testing as problem solving: an overview of the book83 Kinds of tests and testing114 Validity265 Reliability366 Achieving beneficial backwash537 Stages of test development588 Common test techniques759 Testing writing8310

vii Acknowledgements pageix Preface xi 1 Teaching and testing 1 2 Testing as problem solving: an overview of the book 8 3 Kinds of tests and testing 11 4 Validity 26

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