Transcription of The Bandgap Reference
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The Bandgap Reference
A circuit for All SeASonSBehzad Razavi IEEE SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS MAGAZINE Summer 2016 9 SSince its inception in the late 1960s, the Bandgap circuit has served as an essential component in most inte-grated circuits. This simple, robust idea provides a temperature-indepen-dent (TI) voltage and a proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) current. In this article, we study the principles of Bandgap circuit Brief HistorySemiconductor technology does not directly offer any electric quantity that is nominally independent of the ambi-ent temperature. Thus, temperature independence has generally been envi-sioned in the form of combining two phenomena that have opposite tem-perature coefficients (TCs).
a start-up circuit to deal with the third. As shown in Figure 6(b), a weak ad-ditional branch creates a large initial imbalance at the input of the op amp, forcing its output to go low. After the circuit turns on and reaches the desired operating point, M 3 and M 4 turn off. Low-Voltage Bandgap References The basic bandgap expression, VV
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