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THE BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION

THE BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTIONZHENGQU paper introduces some of the basic concepts in statisticalmechanics. It focuses how energy is distributed to different states of a physicalsystem, under certain hypothesis, it obeys the BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION . Iwill demonstrate three ways that the BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION will The Motivating Problem12. BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION Arises from the Principle of Indifference43. Validity of the Principle of Indifference74. BOLTZMANN DISTRIBUTION Arises as the Maximal Entropy Distribution95. Application to Particles in the Box126. Application to Gas Particles under Gravity137.

belongs to the phase space (Rd)N At temperature T, each particle particle has average kinetic energy dk BT 2 (assume the particle is mono-atomic, k B is the Boltzmann constant) Therefore the total kinetic energy satis es XN i=1 P2 i 2m = Ndk BT 2 Where mis the mass of each gas particle. Therefore at temperature T, the state

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