Transcription of The Endocrine System
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The Endocrine System
The Endocrine SystemAn OverviewSusanne Hiller-Sturmh fel, , and Andrzej Bartke, plethora of hormones regulate many of the body s functions, including growth anddevelopment, metabolism, electrolyte balances, and reproduction. Numerous glandsthroughout the body produce hormones. The hypothalamus produces several releasing andinhibiting hormones that act on the pituitary gland, stimulating the release of pituitaryhormones. Of the pituitary hormones, several act on other glands located in various regionsof the body, whereas other pituitary hormones directly affect their target organs. Otherhormone-producing glands throughout the body include the adrenal glands, which primarilyproduce cortisol; the gonads ( , ovaries and testes), which produce sex hormones; thethyroid, which produces thyroid hormone; the parathyroid, which produces parathyroidhormone; and the pancreas, which produces insulin and glucagon.
hormone release, thereby turning off the cascade. In some instances, a so-called short-loop feedback occurs, in which pituitary hormones directly act back on the hypothalamus. The sensitivity with which these negative feedback systems operate (i.e., the target hormone levels that are required to turn off hypothalamic or pituitary hormone ...
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