The Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

MIRIM ACHINE INTELLIGENCERESEARCH INSTITUTEThe Ethics of Artificial IntelligenceNick BostromFuture of Humanity InstituteEliezer YudkowskyMachine Intelligence Research InstituteAbstractThe possibility of creating thinking machines raises a host of ethical issues. These ques-tions relate both to ensuring that such machines do not harm humans and other morallyrelevant beings, and to the moral status of the machines themselves. The first sectiondiscusses issues that may arise in the near future of AI. The second section outlines chal-lenges for ensuring that AI operates safely as it approaches humans in its third section outlines how we might assess whether, and in what circumstances,AIs themselves have moral status. In the fourth section, we consider how AIs mightdiffer from humans in certain basic respects relevant to our ethical assessment of final section addresses the issues of creating AIs more intelligent than human, andensuring that they use their advanced Intelligence for good rather than , Nick, and Eliezer Yudkowsky.

While this subfield of Artificial Intelligence is only just coalescing, “Artificial Gen-eral Intelligence” (hereafter, AGI) is the emerging term of art used to denote “real” AI (see, e.g., the edited volume Goertzel and Pennachin [2007]). As the name im-plies, the emerging consensus is that the missing characteristic is generality. Current

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