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The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses

1 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Disclosure The material and the illustrations are adopted from the textbook Human Anatomy and Physiology / Ninth edition/ Eliane N. Marieb 2013 Dr. Naim Kittana, PhD 2 Dr. Naim Kittana, PhD 3 Immunity: Two Intrinsic Defense Systems Innate (nonspecific) system responds quickly and consists of: First line of defense intact skin and mucosae prevent entry of microorganisms Second line of defense antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells Inhibit spread of invaders throughout the body Inflammation is its hallmark and most important mechanism Dr.

Epithelial Chemical Barriers Epithelial membranes produce protective chemicals that destroy microorganisms Skin acidity (pH of 3 to 5) inhibits bacterial growth Sebum contains chemicals toxic to bacteria Stomach mucosae secrete concentrated HCl and protein-digesting enzymes Saliva and lacrimal fluid contain lysozyme

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