Transcription of The Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides DE430 and DE431
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1 IPN Progress Report 42-196 February 15, 2014 The Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides DE430 and DE431 William M. Folkner,* James G. Williams, Dale H. Boggs, Ryan S. Park,* and Petr Kuchynka** Mission Design and Navigation Section. Tracking Systems and Applications research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 2014 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship The Planetary and Lunar Ephemerides DE430 and DE431 are generated by fitting numerically integrated orbits of the Moon and planets to observations. The present-day Lunar orbit is known to submeter accuracy through fitting Lunar laser ranging data with an updated Lunar gravity field from the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission.
II. Planetary Ephemeris Coordinates A. Orientation of Axes The coordinate system is defined by axes aligned with the International Celestial Refer-ence System (ICRS), with the XY plane close to the mean equator of epoch J2000.0 and the X-axis close to the intersection of the mean equator of J2000.0 with the mean ecliptic
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