THE TRANSPERSONAL WILLIAM JAMES

THE TRANSPERSONAL WILLIAM JAMESMark B. Ryan, , Puebla, MexicoABSTRACT: TRANSPERSONAL psychologists often speculate on who was their first pioneer,commonly with reference to Carl Jung. A look at the early development of modern psychology,however, reveals various figures who accepted a spiritual and collectivedimension of the psyche,among them WILLIAM JAMES . Out of a tension between scientific and religious outlooks embodied inhis own life and thought, JAMES had embraced and articulated the principalelements of atranspersonal orientation by the early twentieth century, and had given them a metaphysical andempirical justification on which they still can stand today. We can see those elements in four aspectsof his thought: first, in what he chose to study, especially in his interestin psychic and religiousexperience; second, in his definition of true science and his refutation of materialism; third, in hisconcept of consciousness; and fourth, in his defense of the validity of spiritual experience.

The Transpersonal William James 21 Freudianism, and, despite the advances of humanistic psychology, by materialistic assumptions and a largely anti-spiritual temper.

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