Traumatic Brain Injury - National Institute of ...

Traumatic Brain InjuryHope Through ResearchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of HealthNINDS health-related material is provided for information purposes only and does not necessarily represent endorsement by or an official position of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke or any other Federal agency. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient s medical history. All NINDS-prepared information is in the public domain and may be freely copied. Credit to the NINDS or the NIH is ..Table of ContentsWhat is a TBI? 1 What are the signs and symptoms? 2 TBI in children3 Effects on consciousness 4 How does TBI affect the Brain ? 5 What are the leading causes of TBI? 9 How is TBI diagnosed? 11 How is TBI treated? 13 Treating mild to moderate TBI 14 Treating severe TBI 15 Rehabilitation 16 Other factors that influence recovery 17 Genes17 Age 18 Can a TBI be prevented?

injury. The type of injury also affects how the brain is damaged. Primary effects. on the brain include various types of bleeding and tearing forces that injure nerve fibers and cause inflammation, metabolic changes, and brain swelling. • Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) — one of the most common types of brain injuries — refers to

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