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Tutorial 2 FORMULAS, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION, AND …

T-6 Tutorial 2 FORMULAS, PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION, AND THE MOLEFORMULAS: A chemical formula shows the elemental composition of a substance: thechemical symbols show what elements are present and the numerical subscripts show howmany atoms of each element there are in a formula unit. Examples:NaCl: one sodium atom, one chlorine atom in a formula unitCaCl2: one calcium atom, two chlorine atoms in a formula unitMg3N2: three magnesium atoms, two nitrogen atoms in a formula unitThe presence of a metal in a chemical formula indicates an ionic compound, which is composedof positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). A formula with only nonmetals indicates amolecular compound (unless it is an ammonium, NH4+, compound). Only ionic compounds areconsidered in this are tables of common ions in your lecture text, p 56 (cations) and p 57 (anions). Acombined table of these same ions can be found on the inside back cover of the lecture text.

2–, ions. The lowest common multiple of 3 and 2 is 6, so we will need six positive and six negative charges: two Al3+ and three SO 4 2ions, and the formula for aluminum sulfate is Al 2(SO 4) 3. Then, in a formula unit of Al 2(SO 4) 3 there are two aluminum ions and three sulfate ions; or two aluminum, three sulfur, and twelve oxygen atoms.

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