Transcription of Two Decades of Research and Development in ...
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TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP9 1999 Psychology Press LtdEUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, 1999, 8 (1), 9 32 Two Decades of Research and Development inTransformational LeadershipBernard M. BassCenter for Leadership Studies, State University of New York,Binghamton, USAThe interests of the organization and its members need to be aligned. Such is a taskfor the transformational leader. In contrast to the transactional leader who practisescontingent reinforcement of followers, the transformational leader inspires,intellectually stimulates, and is individually considerate of them. Transformationalleadership may be directive or participative. Requiring higher moral Development ,transformational leadership is recognized universally as a concept.
challenging work, became increasingly important to followers’ job satisfaction. The concept of job security and loyalty to the firm for one’s entire career was disappearing. Steady pay, secure benefits, and lifetime employment were no ... Organizational policies and practices can promote employee empowerment, creative flexibility and esprit ...
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