Ubuntu Reference - cheat sheets

Ubuntu ReferencePrivilegessudo command run command as rootsudo -s open a root shellsudo -s -u user open a shell as usersudo -k forget sudo passwordsgksudo command visual sudo dialog (GNOME)kdesudo command visual sudo dialog (KDE)sudo visudo edit /etc/sudoersgksudo nautilus root file manager (GNOME)kdesudo konqueror root file manager (KDE)passwd change your passwordDisplaysudo / restart restart X and return to login (GNOME)sudo / restart restart X and return to login (KDE)(file) /etc/X11 display configurationsudo dexconf reset configurationCtrl+Alt+Bksp restart X display if frozenCtrl+Alt+FN switch to tty NCtrl+Alt+F7 switch back to X displaySystem Services start service start job service (Upstart)stop service stop job service (Upstart)status service check if service is running (Upstart)/ start start service (SysV)/ stop stop service (SysV)/ status check service (SysV)/ restart restart service (SysV)runlevel get current runlevelPackage Management apt-get update refresh available updates apt-get upgrade upgrade all packagesapt-get dist-upgrade upgrade with package replacem

linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel image linux-headers-generic – latest build headers Firewall¹ ufw enable – turn on the firewall ufw disable – turn off the firewall ufw default allow – allow all connections by default ufw default deny – drop all connections by default ufw status – …

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