Understanding the gender pay gap

The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that women on average continue to be paid about 20 per cent less than men across the world. There are large variations between countries, from a high of over 45 per cent to hardly any difference (see figure 1). The gender pay gap has been reduced in some countries while in others there has been little Figure 1. Mean gender pay gaps using monthly earnings, selected countries by income groupa) High-income-50510152025303540 AverageNetherlandsRepublic of KoreaUnited KingdomSwitzerlandAustraliaEstoniaNorway CanadaArgentinaItalyUnited StatesFranceSpainUruguayCzech RepublicSwedenFinlandBelgiumSlovakiaChil eLuxembourgPortugalPolandMaltaCyprusLith uaniaLatviaHungarySloveniaPanama45501 This brief is based on findings from the ILO report on Women in Business and Management: The business case for change (Geneva, 2019). Understanding the gender pay gap Women in Business and Management2 Women in Business and Management: Understanding the gender pay gap (b) Upper-middle income 0510152025303540 AverageArmeniaSouth AfricaRuss ia n FederationPeruMexicoBrazilChinaBulgariaP araguayTurk eyAl baniaCost a RicaRomaniaNamibiaJordanEcuadorThailand4 550(c) Lower-middle income 051015202530354045-5-1050 AveragePaki st anUkraineSr i LankaIndonesiaMongoliaEgyptVi et NamTunisiaBangladeshEl SalvadorCabo VerdePhilippines(d) Low-income05101520253035

2 Women in Business and Management: Understanding the gender pay gap (b) Upper-middle income 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 g e r i a t h a u s a n e n e u o l C n r a a y u k y l o t a i n o r h d 45 50 (c) Lower-middle income 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

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