Transcription of VIEWS FROM INSIDE AND OUTSIDE: INTEGRATING …
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VIEWS FROM INSIDE AND OUTSIDE: INTEGRATING …
^ Academy ol Maaagem nt Review1999, Vol. 24. No. FROM INSIDE AND OUTSIDE: INTEGRATING EMIC AND ETIC INSIGHTSABOUT CULTURE AND lUSTICE JUDGMENTMICHAEL W. MORRISS tanford UniversityKWOK LEUNGC hinese University of Hong KongDANIEL AMESU niversity of California at BerkeleyBRIAN LICKELU niversity of California at Santa BarbaraWe analyze forms ol synergy between emic and etic approaches to research on cultureand cognition. Drawing on the justice judgment literature, we describe dynamicsthrough which the two approaches stimulate each other's progress. Moreover, wedelineate ways in which integrative emic/etic Irameworks overcome limitations ofnarrower frameworks in modeling culture and cognition. Finally, we identify advan-tages of integrative frameworks in guiding responses to the diverse justice sensitiv-ities in international the study of cognition in organizations, andin social science more broadly, there are twolong-standing approaches to understanding therole of culture: (1) the INSIDE perspective of eth-nographers, who strive to describe a particularculture in its own terms, and (2) the outside per-spective of comparativist researchers, who at-tempt to describ
784 Academy of Management Review October tinguishing cultural factors from ecological and economic factors in analyzing cross-national differences. Also, they suggest that etic con-structs may not always require measurement
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