What is ‘Development’?

9 development is a concept which is contested both theoretically and politically, and is inherently both complex and ambiguous .. Recently [it] has taken on the limited meaning of the practice of development agencies, especially in aiming at reducing pov-erty and the Millennium development Goals. (Thomas, 2004: 1, 2)The vision of the liberation of people and peoples, which animated development practice in the 1950s and 1960s has thus been replaced by a vision of the liberaliza-tion of economies. The goal of structural transformation has been replaced with the goal of spatial .. The dynamics of long-term transformations of econ-omies and societies [has] slipped from view and attention was placed on short-term growth and re-establishing fi nancial balances. The shift to ahistorical performance assessment can be interpreted as a form of the post-modernization of development policy analysis. (Gore, 2000: 794 5)Post-modern see [poverty and development ] as socially constructed and embedded within certain economic epistemes which value some assets over others.

development involves changes to socio-economic structures – including ownership, the organization of production, technology, the institutional structure and laws.3 In this conceptualization development relates to a wide view of diverse socio-economic changes. The process does not relate to any particular set of objectives and

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