Chloride and Salinity
hard-water ions such calcium (Ca2+) and bicarbonate (HCO 3 –). Because salinity readings in freshwater will be significantly lower than in seawater or brackish water, readings are often expressed in mg/L instead of ppt (1 ppt = 1000 mg/L). Increased salinity levels have been observed in the lower reaches of the Colorado and Rio Grande rivers,
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