Energy Transfer and Conversion Methods

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Fluxes of heat, material, electrons must be driven by gradients in free energy dT • Fourier’s law of heat conduction q = −k dx • Fick’s law of diffusion j = −D dC dx • d s ρD dP Flowin pipe = − 2 D2 P µf Re dx I dV • Ohm’s law of current flow A = −σ dx Consequence: the …

  Methods, Heat, Energy, Transfer, Conversion, Energy transfer and conversion methods