Quantum Computation and Quantum Information
4.5 Universal quantum gates 188 4.5.1 Two-level unitary gates are universal 189 4.5.2 Single qubit and CNOTgates are universal 191 4.5.3 A discrete set of universal operations 194 4.5.4 Approximating arbitrary unitary gates is generically hard 198 4.5.5 Quantum computational complexity 200 4.6 Summary of the quantum circuit model of computation 202
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