506R-16: Guide to Shotcrete - American Concrete Institute

1 Guide to ShotcreteReported by ACI Committee 506 ACI 506R-16 First PrintingJune 2016 ISBN: 978-1-942727-95-8 Guide to ShotcreteCopyright by the American Concrete Institute , Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI via the errata website at Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata for the most up-to-date committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains.

2 Individuals who use this publication in any way assume all risk and accept total responsibility for the application and use of this information in this publication is provided as is without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of this is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document.

3 The user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety by governmental representatives in the work of the American Concrete Institute and in the development of Institute standards does not constitute governmental endorsement of ACI or the standards that it information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP). American Concrete Institute38800 Country Club DriveFarmington Hills, MI 48331 Phone: + : + Guide is a companion document to ACI , Specification for Shotcrete , and provides information on materials and prop-erties of both dry-mix and wet-mix Shotcrete .

4 Most facets of the Shotcrete process are covered, including application procedures, equipment requirements, and responsibilities of the Shotcrete crew. Other aspects, such as preconstruction trials, craftsman qualifica-tion tests, materials tests, finished Shotcrete acceptance tests, and equipment, are also : dry-mix Shotcrete ; mixture proportion; placing; quality control; Shotcrete ; wet-mix , p. 2 Introduction, p. 2 History, p. 2 Applications, p. 2 New developments, p. 2 Research and development, p. 3 PART 1 GENERAL, p. Scope, p. Definitions, p. References: See Part 7 References, p. Submittals, p. Preconstruction testing by contractor, p. Testing during construction: quality assurance and quality control, p. Delivery, storage, and handling, p.

5 9 PART 2 PRODUCTS, p. Materials, p. Packaged Shotcrete materials, p. Fiber-reinforced Shotcrete , p. Shotcrete properties, p. Proportioning, p. Batching and mixing, p. 18 PART 3 EXECUTION, p. Surface preparation, p. Joints, p. Alignment control, p. Application, p. Finishing, p. Curing, p. Protection, p. 38 Marc Jolin, ChairJames A. Ragland, SecretaryACI 506R-16 Guide to ShotcreteReported by ACI Committee 506 Voting membersJon B. ArdahlLars F. Balck Jr.*Michael BallouLouis-Samuel BolducChris D. BreedsWern-Ping Nick ChenScott R. CummingWilliam T. Drakeley S. HanskatWarren L. HarrisonThomas HenningsLarry G. LepperMark R. LukkarilaJeffrey L. NovakRyan E. PooleJohn H. PyeRaymond C. Schallom IIIP hilip T. SeabrookW. L. Snow P. SouthLawrence J. TottenMarcus H.

6 Von der HofenCurtis WhitePeter T. YenGeorge YoggyLihe ZhangChris M. Zynda*Subcommittee Chair who produced this membersJean-Francois DufourMerlyn IsaakRichard A. KadenDudley R. MorganH. Celik OzyildirimHarvey W. ParkerACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries are intended for guidance in planning, designing, executing, and inspecting construction. This document is intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. The American Concrete Institute disclaims any and all responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shall not be liable for any loss or damage arising to this document shall not be made in contract documents.

7 If items found in this document are desired by the Architect/Engineer to be a part of the contract documents, they shall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation by the 506R-16 supersedes ACI 506R-05 and was adopted and published June 2016, American Concrete rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright Tolerances, p. Repair, p. Acceptance, p. 39 PART 4 EQUIPMENT, p. Introduction, p. Dry-mix equipment, p. Wet-mix equipment, p.

8 Air requirements, p. Mixing equipment, p. Hoses, p. Nozzles, p. Auxiliary equipment, p. Plant layout and operation, p. Other uses of Shotcrete equipment, p. 47 PART 5 CREW ORGANIZATION, p. Introduction, p. Composition and crew duties, p. Crew qualifications, p. Communication, p. 49 PART 6 SUSTAINABILITY, p. Shotcrete sustainability, p. Formwork reduction or elimination, p. Construction efficiency, p. Repair and rehabilitation, p. Creativity and efficiency of Shotcrete sections, p. Summary, p. 50 PART 7 REFERENCES, p. 50 Authored references, p. 52 PREFACEThis Guide , based on many years of practice and expe-rience, covers aspects of Shotcrete construction, including materials, equipment, crew organization, preliminary prep-aration, proportioning, Shotcrete placement, and quality assurance/quality control.

9 Procedures vary from one region to another, however, and adjustments for a particular project are often construction, repair, linings, coatings, refractories, underground support, and other special applications are also discussed. No attempt is made to provide guidelines for the design of Shotcrete installations. The purpose of this docu-ment is to serve as a Guide to engineers and contractors and as commentary to ACI , Specification for Shotcrete . IntroductionShotcrete is an important and widely used construction tech-nique. Because of continuing research and development in materials, equipment, and construction procedures, this Guide is revised periodically to reflect current industry 1910, a double-chambered cement gun (dry-mix), based on a design developed by Carl Akeley, was introduced to the construction industry.

10 The sand-cement product produced by this device was given the proprietary name gunite . In the ensuing years, trademarks such as Guncrete, Pneucrete, Blastcrete, Blocrete, Jetcrete, and the terms pneumatically applied mortar or Concrete and sprayed Concrete were introduced to describe similar processes. Between 1930 and 1950, gunite/ Shotcrete gained wide acceptance around the world because, at that time, gunite/ Shotcrete strength was superior to Concrete and permitted the contractor to easily transport a sand cement mixture over long distances to difficult-to-reach areas. In the early 1930s, The American Railway Engineering Association introduced the term shot-crete to describe the gunite process. In 1951, the American Concrete Institute adopted the term Shotcrete to describe the dry-mix process.