All India Cold chain Infrastructure Capacity

1 All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity Assessment of Status & Gap 2015. Published by: Prepared by: Autonomous Body of Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare NABARD Building, New Delhi 110001 India New Delhi 110125. All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap). National Centre for Cold- chain Development (NCCD). This report was prepared for and along with the National Centre for Cold- chain Development, by NABARD consultancy services Private Limited (NABCONS). NABCONS is a wholly owned subsidiary promoted by National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) and is engaged in providing consultancy in all spheres of agriculture, rural development and allied areas.

2 NABCONS leverages core competence in the areas of agricultural and rural development, especially multidisciplinary projects, in banking, institutional development, Infrastructure , training, etc. National Centre for Cold- chain Development (NCCD) is an autonomous body of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India . NCCD was constituted to function as a dedicated institution to pioneer Excellence for development of cold- chain in India . NCCD takes the lead role in cold- chain development processes by providing guidance on policy matters, and undertakes knowledge dissemination for ongoing demand driven activities. This report should be cited as: NCCD. 2015. All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap), Delhi.

3 ( ). The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the National Centre for Cold- chain Development (NCCD) concerning the legal or development status of any State, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by NCCD in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All rights reserved. NCCD encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product.

4 Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate NCCD copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to New Delhi, India . NCCD 2015. All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap). Authors - Credit List Production and Guidance Shri Sanjeev Chopra, Joint Secretary, DAC-MIDH, GoI. Shri Pawanexh Kohli, Chief Advisor & CEO-NCCD. Shri Krishan Jindal, CEO-NABCONS. Study Team Leader Dr. Premi, Senior Consultant, Food Processing & Storage Vertical, NABCONS.

5 Team Members Shri Manoj Gupta, Senior Consultant, NABCONS. Dr. Mahesh, Senior Consultant, NABCONS. Dr. Subhransu Tripathy, Consultant Economist, NABCONS. Shri Sumit Gupta, Consultant, NABCONS. Shri Amaresh Kumar Dey, Associate Consultant, NABCONS. NABARD consultancy services i All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap). Acknowledgement At the outset, we are grateful to National Centre for Cold- chain Development (NCCD), Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India for developing the roadmap for this study titled All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap) and awarding the task to NABARD consultancy services (NABCONS). We are grateful to Shri Sanjeev Chopra, Joint Secretary, DAC-MIDH, GoI for his unflinching support and valuable suggestions on different occasions to enrich the report.

6 The study, would not be possible without the lead, corroboration and close guidance of Shri Pawanexh Kohli, Chief Advisor & CEO, NCCD. In the course of conducting the study, the team amassed his rich experience, knowledge and practical insights, and the study has benefited immensely from his erudite counsel. Above all, we sincerely acknowledge Shri K. K. Dhingra (FA-NCCD) and NCCD. Executive team for their keen support in facilitating the activities related to the study. We are thankful to State Departments, APMC representatives, members of marketing boards, FPOs, traders, transporters, cold storage owners, retailers /. vendors for sharing information and experiences during field visits. We extend our sincere thanks to various Ministries / Departments of Government of India viz.

7 Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Food Processing Industries, Ministry of Railways, Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture, APEDA, MPEDA, CONCOR, and IWAI for their cooperation and providing us with the relevant data /information. Comments on the draft report were invited from DAC, MoFPI, APEDA, NHB and ICAR in June 2015. The suggestions received were duly incorporated in making of the final document and helped to make the study results more meaningful. Last but not the least, we thank our mentors from Corporate Office, New Delhi and colleagues from Zonal Office, Mumbai, who provided the needed Infrastructure and support for accomplishing this study. NABCONS Team New Delhi 14 August 2015.

8 NABARD consultancy services ii All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap). Contents Authors - Credit List .. i ii Contents .. iii Abbreviations .. vi List of Tables .. vii List of Figures .. viii DEFINITIONS USED .. ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..xiv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY .. 1. Introduction .. 1. Objective of the Study .. 3. Output of the Study .. 3. Approach to Study .. 4. About this report .. 4. CHAPTER 2: FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY ..7. Cold- chain Flow ..7. Product Segmentation .. 9. Cold- chain Categories Based on Storage Temperature ..10. Chill ..10. Mild Chill ..10. Frozen .. 11. Normal .. 11. Product Holding Life .. 12. Long-term holding life .. 12. Short-term Storage.

9 12. Major Cold- chain Infrastructure Components .. 12. Products Selected for Study .. 13. Consumption Centres Selected for Study .. 14. Tools for Data Analysis and Research .. 15. Consumption Estimation for Products not covered in NSSO Data .. 17. Assumptions for Consumption Data Analysis ..18. Method for Estimation of Infrastructure ..18. Post-Harvest Infrastructure Protocols .. 22. Assumptions on Modular Unit Sizes of Infrastructure .. 23. Modern Pack-House (PH) .. 23. Cold Store Bulk (CS).. 23. Cold Store Hub (CH) .. 24. NABARD consultancy services iii All India Cold- chain Infrastructure Capacity (Assessment of Status & Gap). Ripening chamber (RC) .. 24. Transport (T /Ts/ t).. 25. Domestic Consumption and Import Profiles.

10 25. CHAPTER - 3: COLD- chain IN India .. 26. Understanding Cold- chain .. 26. COLD- chain AS AN ENABLER .. 26. Agriculture-Industry connect .. 28. Pack-house Origins .. 28. Making the 29. Handle with care .. 29. Energising the chain .. 29. Cold warehousing .. 30. Ripe for consumption .. 30. Evolution of Cold- chain in India .. 31. CHAPTER - 4: EXISTING COLD- chain 35. Cold- chain Infrastructure .. 35. Existing Infrastructure .. 35. MIDH (NHM / HMNEH / NHB) .. 36. MoFPI .. 36. APEDA .. 37. MPEDA .. 37. Ministry of Railways .. 39. CONCOR .. 39. IWAI .. 40. Base-line Survey NHB (DAC) .. 40. Existing Operational Capability .. 40. CHAPTER - 5: DEMAND ANALYSIS OF FOOD PRODUCTS .. 43. Consumption-led Demand.