702 Effective Accident Investigation - OSHAcademy

1 This course is absolutely necessary for anyone who is required to investigate accidents. It gives you the information needed to effectively analyze an Accident event by uncovering the cause of injury , and the primary and contributing surface causes for the Accident . You will also develop the skills needed to analyze and evaluate your safety management system (SMS) for root causes. You'll learn why the question of fault and possible discipline is often irrelevant and inappropriate when conducting an Accident Accident Investigation This page intentionally blank OSHA cademy Course 702 Study Guide Effective Accident Investigation Copyright 2022 Geigle Safety Group, Inc.

2 No portion of this text may be reprinted for other than personal use. Any commercial use of this document is strictly forbidden. Contact OSHA cademy to arrange for use as a training document. This study guide is designed to be reviewed off-line as a tool for preparation to successfully complete OSHA cademy Course 702. Read each module, answer the quiz questions, and submit the quiz questions online through the course webpage. You can print the post-quiz response screen which will contain the correct answers to the questions. The final exam will consist of questions developed from the course content and module quizzes. We hope you enjoy the course and if you have any questions, feel free to email or call: OSHA cademy 15220 NW Greenbrier Parkway, Suite 230 Beaverton, Oregon 97006 +1 (888) 668-9079 Disclaimer This document does not constitute legal advice.

3 Consult with your own company counsel for advice on compliance with all applicable state and federal regulations. Neither Geigle Safety Group, Inc., nor any of its employees, subcontractors, consultants, committees, or other assignees make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of the information contained herein, or assume any liability or responsibility for any use, or the results of such use, of any information or process disclosed in this publication. GEIGLE SAFETY GROUP, INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

4 Taking actions suggested in this document does not guarantee that an employer, employee, operator or contractor will be in compliance with applicable regulations. Ultimately every company is responsible for determining the applicability of the information in this document to its own operations. Each employer s safety management system will be different. Mapping safety and environmental management policies, procedures, or operations using this document does not guarantee compliance regulatory requirements. Revised: December 22, 2022 This page intentionally blank Course 702 Contents Course Introduction .. 1 National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2015.

5 1 The Challenge .. 1 What is the Purpose of This Course? .. 1 Module 1: The Basics .. 2 What is an Accident ? .. 2 Accidents and Incidents .. 2 Accident Types .. 3 Are Accidents Always Unplanned? .. 4 Traditional Causation Theory .. 5 Systems Causation Theory .. 5 Why Conduct the Accident Investigation (AI) .. 6 Why OSHA Conducts an Accident Investigation .. 7 Fix the Not the Blame .. 8 Bottom Line .. 8 The Accident Investigation Program .. 9 The Seven-Step Process .. 10 Module 2: Step 1 - Secure the Accident Scene .. 11 When should I start the Investigation ? .. 11 Things Disappear After an Accident .. 12 Material Evidence .. 12 Memory .. 12 Reporting Accidents to OSHA.

6 12 Course 702 Basic Requirements .. 13 Module 3: Step 2 - Document the Accident Scene .. 16 Sample Kit .. 16 Document the Scene .. 17 Make Personal Observations .. 17 Get Initial Statements .. 18 Take Photos of the Accident Scene .. 19 Take Videos of the Scene .. 19 More Tips .. 20 Sketch the Accident Scene .. 21 Some Sketching Pointers .. 23 Interview Records .. 24 Final Words .. 25 Module 4: Step 3 Conduct 26 Digging Up the Facts .. 26 Seven "Rights" of the Interview 26 Cooperation is the Key .. 27 Preparing for the Interview .. 27 Effective Interviewing Techniques .. 29 More Effective Interviewing Techniques .. 30 Last Words .. 31 Module 5: Step 4 - Conduct Event Analysis.

7 32 Introduction .. 32 Sorting it All Out .. 32 Course 702 Assessment vs. Analysis .. 32 Analysis Defined .. 32 Accident Analysis .. 32 Event Assessment and Analysis .. 33 Why Accidents Happen .. 33 Single Event 33 The Domino Theory .. 34 Multiple Cause Theory .. 34 The Final Event in an Unplanned Process .. 35 Four Categories of Events .. 35 Developing the Sequence of Events .. 36 The Actor and the Action .. 37 Sample Sequence of Events .. 38 Make Sure You are Constructing Only One Event .. 39 Paint a Word Picture .. 39 Sample sequence of events .. 39 Make Sure You are Constructing Only One Event .. 40 Module 6: Step 5 Conduct Cause Analysis .. 42 Introduction.

8 42 Three Phases of Cause Analysis .. 42 injury Analysis .. 42 Surface Cause Analysis .. 42 Root Cause Analysis .. 42 injury Analysis .. 43 Course 702 What is the Direct Cause of injury ? .. 43 Harmful Forms of Energy .. 44 Surface Cause Analysis .. 45 Hazardous Conditions .. 45 Unsafe or Inappropriate Behaviors .. 46 Analysis Tools .. 47 System Analysis .. 48 Hierarchy of Causes .. 50 Module 7: Step 6- Develop Solutions .. 51 Effective Recommendations .. 51 Why Decision-makers Don t Respond Quickly .. 51 Do it Right! .. 51 The Hierarchy of Control Strategies .. 52 Higher Priority Strategies that Control Hazards .. 52 Lower Priority Strategies .. 53 Recommend System Improvements.

9 54 "GIGO" or "QIQO"? .. 55 Six Key Questions .. 55 Estimating Direct and Indirect Costs .. 59 Ratio Between Indirect and Direct Costs .. 59 Return on the Investment (ROI) .. 60 Provide Options .. 62 Module 8: Step 7 Write the Report .. 64 Introduction .. 64 Course 702 Perception is Reality .. 64 The Accident Report Form .. 64 Section I. Background .. 65 Section II. Description of the Accident .. 65 Section III. Findings .. 65 Section IV. Recommendations .. 66 Section V. Summary .. 67 Open Documents .. 67 Additional Resources .. 69 This page intentionally blank Course 702 Copyright 2022 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. Page 1 of 69 Course Introduction Workplace accidents occur each and every day all across the country.

10 Each year the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes a statistical summary of injuries and illnesses (See summary below) that emphasizes this fact. The failure of people, equipment, supplies, or surroundings to behave or react as expected causes most of the accidents. Accident investigations determine how and why these failures occur. By using the information gained through an Investigation , a similar or perhaps more disastrous Accident may be prevented. Conduct Accident investigations with Accident prevention in mind. Investigations are NOT to place blame. National Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries in 2015 The overall incidence rate of nonfatal occupational injury and illness cases requiring days away from work to recuperate was cases per 10,000 full-time workers in 2015, down from cases in 2014.