An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability ...

1 Vienna International Centre, PO Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: +(43-1) 26060-0, Fax: +(43-1) 26060-5866, in Austria January 2008 1,500An Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability , impact and ActionBACKGROUND NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIMEV iennaAn Introduction to Human Trafficking: Vulnerability , impact and ActionUNITED NATIONSNew York, 2008 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication donot imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariatof the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city orarea or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or document was prepared by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime(UNODC).

2 The effort was led by Kristiina Kangaspunta of the UNODC Anti-HumanTrafficking Unit, with the key papers researched and drafted by Mich le Clark, JudithDixon and Mike Dottridge. Valuable contributions were also made by Martin Fowke, Silke Albert, Riikka Puttonen, Troels Vester, Jonathan Eischen and Kerstin Uebel. Thereport was prepared under the overall leadership and supervision of Doris further information regarding the United Nations Global Initiative to Fight HumanTrafficking ( ), please go to its website at UNODC Anti- Human Trafficking Unit can be contacted at telephone(+43-1) 26060-5687.

3 For further information regarding UNODC s work to combat trafficking in persons and the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking inPersons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Conventionagainst Transnational Organized Crime, please go to ..1 Summaries of the papers ..11 Summaries of the papers(French) ..19 Summaries of the papers(Spanish) ..27 Summaries of the papers(Chinese) ..36 Summaries of the papers(Russian) ..44 Summaries of the papers(Arabic).

4 52 PART ..59 Vulnerability , preventions and Human trafficking: the need for a new .. current framework for prevention of trafficking .. purpose of a discussion on Vulnerability .. : a definition .. and Human trafficking .. of Vulnerability .. implications for a Vulnerability -based programme for the prevention of trafficking ..78 PART ..79 The impact of trafficking in persons .. consequences of trafficking upon individuals .. physical impact of trafficking .. health impact .

5 Victims .. abuse .. on behaviour .. political implications of trafficking in persons .. migration policies .. control .. rights .. migration: countries of destination .. migration: source countries .. of the status of trafficked persons .. economic impact of trafficking in persons .. costs of trafficking .. resources .. profits of organized crime .. impact on the rule of law .. situations .. security ..100 PART THREE. ACTION ..101 Responses to trafficking in persons: international norms translated into action at the national and regional levels.

6 International instruments into action .. to combat trafficking .. what works: good practice .. together .. the national level .. the bilateral level between two States .. the regional level, involving several States .. the international level .. and law enforcement activities .. trafficked persons .. at frontiers .. the effectiveness of prosecutions by using victim-friendly techniques .. legal assistance to facilitate prosecutions .. in areas of origin .. of those in transit.

7 In areas where trafficked persons are exploited .. and assistance .. standards on protection and assistance .. assistance and medical care .. of cases of trafficked adults and children, includingrisk assessments .. victims of traffickers to recover and restart their lives .. role of research .. reports on regional patterns and specific countries .. about those already trafficked, identifying the circumstances in which they were vulnerable to traffickers .. about traffickers and the techniques they use.

8 On the numbers of trafficked persons .. to monitor, evaluate and assess the impact of prevention and rehabilitation efforts .. standards: The World Health Organization ..1271 The Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking The United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking ( ) aims to mobi-lize state and non-state actors to eradicate Human trafficking by: (a) reducing both the vulner-ability of potential victims and the demand for exploitation in all its forms; (b) ensuring adequateprotection and support to those who fall victim.

9 And (c) supporting the efficient prosecution ofthe criminals involved while respecting the fundamental Human rights of all persons. In carrying out its mission, will increase knowledge and awareness on Human traf-ficking; promote effective rights-based responses; build capacity of state and non-state actors, andfoster partnerships for joint action against Human trafficking. ( mission statement)Overview The widespread contemporary exploitation of men, women and children is unacceptableto people of conscience the world over.

10 Traditional approaches to preventing traffickingin Human beings, to protect and assist trafficked persons and bring criminals to justicehave had some small impact on the global phenomenon, but not enough. That even oneyoung person be denied the benefits of childhood, that one young woman be subjectedto the brutal humiliation of sexual exploitation and that one man become the slave of acruel taskmaster in another country are clear signals that we must renew both our resolveas well as our initiatives to protect those who are United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking ( )