UsingPraatforLinguisticResearch - wstyler.ucsd.edu

1 Using Praat for Linguistic ResearchDr. Will StylerDocument Version: Update: December25,2017 Important!Thisdocumentwillbecontinuallyu pdatedandimproved. Downloadthelatestversionat: Formoreinformationonthespecificsofthisli cense, Version History42 Versions.. OtherResources.. GettingandInstallingPraat.. Usingthisguide..83 About PraatWindows..84 Recording ..115 Opening and Saving Files} OpeningFiles.. Workingwithlongersoundfiles.. SavingFiles..126 Phonetic Measurement and Analysis in WorkingwithPraatWaveformsandSpectrograms .. Pullingoutasmallersectionofthefileforana lysis.. AdjustingtheSpectrogramsettings.. MeasuringDuration.. MeasuringVoiceOnsetTime(VOT).. ExaminingandmeasuringF0/Pitch.. MeasuringF0fromasinglecycle.. ViewingPitchviaanarrowbandspectrogram.. UsingPraat sPitchTracking.. ImprovingPitchtrackingbychangingthePitch Settings.. Scripting: CreatingaPitchObject.. GettingMaximum,Minimum,andAveragepitchfo rasectionofspeech.

2 MeasuringPulses,Jitter,Shimmer,andHarmon ics-to-noiseratio.. MeasuringFormants.. UsingtheFormanttoolsintheEditorwindow.. ImprovingFormantFindingresults.. ScriptingOnly: FormantObjects.. MeasuringIntensity/Amplitude.. UnitsofIntensity( ).. WorkingwithSpectra.. Takingaspectralslice.. MeasuringHarmonicAmplitude,Frequency.. MeasuringCreakinessandBreathinessusingSp ectralTilt.. MeasuringNasalityusingA1-P0.. MeasuringSpectralCenterofGravity..307 Creating and manipulating sound Files in CreatingsoundsfromFormula.. WorkingwithStereoFiles(Converting,Combin ing,andExtractingchannels).. Convertingasinglestereofileintoasinglemo nofile.. Extractingastereofile stwochannelsintoseparatemonofiles.. Combiningtwomonosoundsintoonestereosound .. Cropping,Copying,SplicingandPasting.. SamplingratesandResampling.. FilteringSounds.. Low-passfiltering.. High-passfiltering.. Band-pass(notch)filtering.

3 ManipulatingSpectralTilt.. PitchManipulation( ).. Matchingthepitchtracksoftwosounds.. ManipulatingDuration(SlowingDownandSpeed ingUpSounds).. ModifyingDurationbyScript.. ScalingandMatchingIntensity.. ConcatenatingSounds.. CombiningSounds.. FormulaModification: Waveformaddition,subtractionandsomuchmor e.. SynthesizingSoundsfromscratch.. Source-FilterVowelResynthesis..468 Exporting images for use and CreatingComplexDisplays.. OverlayingPlots.. MultiplePlotsinthePictureWindow..519 Annotating Sound Files (Praat TextGrids)5110 Using Log Files5411 Scripting in WhatisPraatscripting?.. PraatScriptingAlternativesforcommontasks .. Praat sscriptingtutorials.. WorkingwithScripts.. OpeningandrunningaPraatscript.. Making(andremoving)MenuShortcutsforscrip ts.. ThePraatscriptIdownloadedwon trun! .. Creatinganewscript.. Usingothertexteditors.. Filenames.. ANoteonPraatScriptCommands.. HowtomagicallywriteaPraatscript(usingthe Praat history function).

4 Writingyourfirstsingle-commandscript.. ScriptswithVariables.. AboutthePraatScriptingLanguage.. for loops.. if statements.. while loops.. Forms.. gotoandlabel.. Commentedlines(#).. Scalingscriptsup: nowarn,noprogress,andavoidingtheeditorwi ndow.. Usefultips.. EverythingElse.. IndefenseofCodeCannibalism.. ClosingRemarksonPraatscripting..8112 Advanced GettingAmplitudeEnvelopesandAMDemodulati oninPraat.. Breakingthe Sound barrier: Workingwithanalytical sounds inPraat..8413 Conclusion871 Version History ,2017-Fixedafewminortypoesinthetext,adde danoteaboutstereoandsoundlocalization,ad deddetailsaboutsamplingrateandacousticna salitymeasurementto the relevant sections, and added reference to Styler 2017 to the Nasality Section, whichmoreexplicitlydescribesthefoiblesof nasalitymeasurement. - December 18th, 2017 - Now in Stereo! Added discussion of recording stereo signals,manipulating mono vs.

5 Stereo, and a few other notes (See , ). Also addedsomeminordetailstoLongSound,recordi ng,andsquishedafewtypoes. - October 31st, 2017 - Added another example of time in a formula thanks to someclarificationfromPaulBoersma( ). - October 25th, 2017 - Added an example demonstrating how to use time as a com-pontent of a formula manpulation Niche, but useful! Clarified further on PraatBeyondtheBasics course,includingmajorrevisions to amplitude scaling/matching in , adding sounds, some serious and minor formatting and typo fixes, and a few othertweaksandwarnings(particularlyabout Praatbecomingunresponsive)withinthescrip tingsection. - October 5th, 2016 - A few small clarifications based on feedback from Marcin W o-darczak. Also, updated list of free software for accomplishing batch tasks by removing the(nowmoribund)MiroVideoConverter,addin gSoxandOpenSesame,andmentioningForcedAli gnment. - May 26th, 2016 - Added words of caution about A1-P1 nasality measurement Also fixed a typo in the Create Sound from Formula section (Thanks toPenelopeHoweforthecatch!)

6 - January 14, 2016 - Discussed how to exit a for loop in added aSection(andsternwarning) , 2015-Addedsomedire-sounding warningsabouttheneedto updatePraat regularly, in part reflecting the fact that we re now up to Version 6. Also , which discusses some common ways of fixing things when a Praat scriptyou vedownloadedfromtheinternetsimplywon trun. - July 5th, 2015 - Added Section12: Advanced Techniques , including (initially) Am-plitude Envelopes, AM Demodulation, and using Praat Sounds for non-acoustic data. Alsoaddedaneedlesslyfloridconclusion,toa ppeasemysenseofsymmetry. - April 30th, 2015 - Added a quick tip about closing Editor Windows generated - February 2015 - Added Script tips! to various parts of the document to aid in au-tomatingthesetasks,andaddedsamplecode formodifyingduration. Completelyre-typesetforeasiermaintenance . ModifiedsomenotesaboutA1-P0,addedsomescr iptingdetail,andmadelotsofsmallrevisions foreasierunderstanding.

7 ,2015-AddedabriefdescriptionofmodifyingS pectralTiltinPraat - November 28th, 2014 - Added a section discussing tasks best done outside of Praatand the best free alternative tools ( ), gave stern warnings regarding the useof H1-H2 for creak/breathiness ( ), the use of LongSound files ( ).Added a shameless plug for the author s dissertation research to , and revisedtheCodeCannibalismsectiontoinclud ealinktotheauthor sGithubpagecontainingmanytastyscripts. ,2014-Madeanumberofclarifications,improv ements,fixes,andupdatestothe scripting section (11) based on (wonderful) feedback from Jos Joaqu n Atria. Thanks,Jos ! Also, added brief discussion and URLs for various forced-alignment tools in the - January 16, 2014 - Added , discussing nowarn, noprogress, and otherwaystospeedupyourscriptingonlargeda tasets. ,2014-FixedafewtypoesandupdatesbasedonGa rethWalker ! ,2013-Addeddiscussionoftheshiftincommand syntaxinnewerversionsofPraat( ).

8 Addeddiscussionofunitsofintensity, ( ). Addedfurtherwarning,admonition,doom and gloom to A1-P0 as a measure of nasality, which, sadly, iscomplicated. Updated the Reasonably Recent Praat version number to encourage peopleto upgrade. Added quick code example for finding odd and even numbers in a Praat Addedabriefdiscussionof while loops( ). - October 2, 2013 - Added discussion of the smoothing of the intensity line and itsrelationtothepitchtrackinPraat. ,2013-UpdatedLicensefortheManual. Afewtypoessquashed. - September 28th, 2012 - Added Section , Manipulating Duration with explanationsofhowtoslowandspeedsoundfile s ,2012-AddeddiscussionofPraatPictureformo recomplexdisplays ,2012-Afewsmalltweaks,addedasectiononmea suringVoiceOnsetTime ,2012-AfewothersmallcorrectionsbasedonPa ulBoersma sfeedback. - January 1st, 2012 - Updated with Paul Boersma s valuable feedback and a variety ofsmallcorrections.

9 ,2011-Removedsometypoesandfixedothersmal lissues. ,2011-Updatedtoincludeinstructionsonremo vingscriptsfromButtons. , Availableforfree,withopensourcecode, , much of the existing documentation for the software is just that, software docu-mentation,andisnotdesignedtohelplin guists(whomaynotnecessarilyconsiderthems elvestobe phoneticians or have a strong phonetics background) get the measurements and make such, rather than introducing each menu item and function as such, I ve instead chosen todescribehowtodosomeofthetasksthatlingu istswanttodowithoutassumingastrongphonet -ics or programming background. Then, eventually, we ll discuss some of the more ,nooneworkshopcandiscussthemyriadfeature spresentinPraat,norcoverallofthequirksof thepackage,butthisworkshopwillhopefullyl eaveyoufeelingmoreathomeinPraat, ,sothatallcodeandcommandswillworkinthela testversionofPraat( , at the time of writing). Download the latest version right now before getting started withthisguide,andinthefuture, PaulBoersmaisexceptionallygoodaboutnotbr eakingoldfunctionality,andnot using the latest version of Praat is the most common cause of issues when tryingto run scripts or following online tutorials, so please do stay up to date!

10 ,butyourcopyonyourplatformshould not differ significantly. Unless otherwise specified, workflows for making measurementsand manipulations do not differ significantly across platforms and versions, and any ResourcesAlthoughthisguideaimstobepainfu llycomprehensive,therearemanyotherresour cesavailablefor helping with Praat. The first step for dealing with any issue is Praat s built in help guide,accessiblefromtheupperrightcornero fmostwindowsintheprogram. You llbebestservedbystartingwith Intro ,andtheYahoo! Groups Praat-users group,whosearchivescanbesearchedatthebel owlink: want to search the archives before posting, as there are likely a great manypeople and Installing PraatPraat can be downloaded , and its installation will vary dependingonyourplatform. MacOSX-JustdragPraatintoyourApplications folder. Windows - Download the installer and run it, and a link to the program will be placed onyourdesktop.