PLANT STEM CELLS AS INNOVATION IN COSMETICS

1 Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Drug Research, Vol. 71 No. 5 pp. 701 707, 2014 ISSN 0001-6837 Polish Pharmaceutical SocietyAt the turn of XX and XXI centuries, one ofthe promising research directions in natural sciencesbecame a regenerative medicine. Researches relat-ing to the different multi-cell organisms abilities inregeneration of damaged organs or even body frag-ments are carried for years. In some animals, theregeneration processes are intensive and large bodyfragments may be regenerated (coelenterates, pla-narians, amphibia), while in others the regenerationprocesses may be limited only to regeneration ofdamaged tissue or organs ( , human being).

2 Inhuman being, together with the ageing process,which starts about the age of 25 years (chrono-age-ing), increases the number of CELLS in tissues andorgans that are subject to a degeneration, and theirregeneration processes together with the age subjectto slow-down. The stem CELLS are responsible forregeneration of damaged or wearing-out tissues ororgans in human being and in other multi-cell ani-mals (1, 2).The organ, in which the ageing changes arebest visible, is the skin inside which, together withthe age the numerous superficial and then deepmimic wrinkles as well as teleangiectasies andmelanosis appear.

3 These changes occur both on theepidermal, dermal and subcutaneous tissue , also the human skin must contain cellsresponsible for its regeneration (3).Characteristics of stem cellsThe stem CELLS are the ones able to potential-ly unlimited number of mitotic divisions and alsodifferentiation to a specific CELLS . The stem celldivision results in appearance the so called pro-genitor CELLS , , the partially differentiated CELLS ,which after sequent division shall become the dif-ferentiated CELLS only or they may be subjected todirect differentiation without any further cell divi-sion.

4 Depending on what CELLS appear in result ofthe stem cell division, and namely if the division isREVIEWPLANT STEM CELLS AS INNOVATION IN COSMETICSMARTYNA MORU 1, MONIKA BARAN1, MAGDALENA ROST-ROSZKOWSKA1,2* and URSZULA SKOTNICKA-GRACA1,31 Silesian Medical College in Katowice, Mickiewicza 29, 40-085 Katowice, Poland2 University of Silesia, Department of Animal Histology & Embryology, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice, Poland 3 Silesian Medical University, General Surgery & Multi-organ Trauma Chair, Surgery Nursery DepartmentAbstract: The stem CELLS thanks to their ability of unlimited division number or transformation into differentcell types creating organs, are responsible for regeneration processes.

5 Depending on the organism in which thestem CELLS exists, they divide to the PLANT or animal ones. The later group includes the stem CELLS existing in bothembryo s and adult human s organs. It includes, among others, epidermal stem CELLS , located in the hair folli-cle relieves and also in its basal layers, and responsible for permanent regeneration of the epidermis. Temporaryscience looks for method suitable for stimulation of the epidermis stem CELLS , amongst the other by delivery , growth factors for proliferation that decrease with the age.

6 One of the methods is the use of the PLANT cellculture technology, including a number of methods that should ensure growth of PLANT CELLS , issues or organs inthe environment with the microorganism-free medium. It uses abilities of the different PLANT CELLS to dediffer-entiation into stem CELLS and coming back to the pluripotent status. The extracts obtained this way from the plantstem CELLS are currently used for production of both common or professional care COSMETICS . This workdescribes exactly impact of the PLANT stem cell extract, coming from one type of the common apple tree(Uttwiler Sp tlauber) to human skin as one of the first PLANT sorts, which are used in cosmetology and :stem CELLS , PLANT stem CELLS , pluripotency, Malus domestica, Uttwiler Sp tlauber, PLANT tissue culture701* Corresponding author: e-mail: phone: 603-708-098, fax: 32-2072005702 MARTYNA MORU et or asymmetric, the role of the givendivision is defined.

7 If the stem cell is divided sym-metrically, and two descendant stem CELLS appear,then such division is aimed for enlarging the stemcells pool. If the asymmetric division results inappearance of two descendant stem CELLS that dif-fer: the stem cell and the progenitor cell, then suchdivision is aimed for creation of the line of cellsthat differ, with simultaneous maintenance of thestem cell line. It s also possible a symmetric stemcell division that however leads to appearing oftwo progenitor CELLS .

8 Thus, such division shallresult in increasing of the differentiating cellspool, without simultaneous reproduction of thestem line (1).As mentioned above, the stem or progenitorcells may differentiate into specific CELLS that form agiven tissue or organ. There are also different abili-ties of the stem CELLS differentiation (so called poten-tial): from unlimited to limited. Therefore, the stemcells may be divided to (1):a. Totipotential CELLS that may differentiate into anyorgan cell, and also in case of human being intothe extra-embryonic structure CELLS such as fetalmembranes.

9 In human being, the totipotentialcharacter have the early embryo CELLS only, wherethere s no separated embryoblast and Pluripotential CELLS are able to differentiate intothe body building structures only, and they cancreate no extra-embryonic structures such as fetalmembranes. In human being, the pluripotentialcharacter have, among others, the embryoniccells on the blastocyst stage, and exactly theembryoblast cell in the blastocyst. Thus, thepluripotential CELLS may differentiate into cellsfrom all the three embryo germ layers: ecto-,endo- or Multipotential CELLS may differentiate into cellscoming, within the embryonic growth, from onegerm layer only, thus, from the ecto-, endo- ormesoderm only.

10 D. Unipotential CELLS , in turn, are the ones withstrongly limited differentiation abilities, thus,differentiating into one particular cell type. Theunipotential CELLS exist in the adult human organs, , in liver, where they are responsible for thegiven organ regeneration other division criterion is the organismtype, from which the cell originates. Thus, we candiscern the PLANT or animal stem CELLS . The latterinclude the stem CELLS existing both in the adulthuman or embryo organisms.