8 Design of river and canal structures 1 - VKC-Water

1 88 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall ssttrruuccttuurreessCIRIA C683965113344110099887766552288 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall ssttrruuccttuurreessCIRIA C683966 CCHHAAPPTTEERR 88 Introduction.. Context .. Types of structures and functions.. Design methodolology.. Approach to the Design .. Functional requirements .. Detailed Design .. Economic considerations .. Environmental and social considerations .. Physical conditions .. Materials related considerations.. Construction related considerations .. Operation and maintenance related considerations.

2 river training works .. Erosion processes .. Types of river training structures .. Revetments .. Spur-dikes and hard points .. Guide banks .. Works to improve navigation .. Flood protection .. Selection of the appropriate solution.. Data collection .. Determination of the loadings .. Hydraulic loads.. Other types of loads .. Plan layout.. General points.. Bank protection .. Spur-dikes .. Longitudinal dikes or guide banks .. Cross-section Design .. Design considerations for selection of the cross-section .. Cross-section Design and typical cross-sections.

3 Structural details .. Head and berm of spur-dikes or guide bunds .. Crest level and width of spur and longitudinal dikes .. Stability of revetment toes .. Falling aprons .. Flexible open revetment.. Transitions.. Materials issues that influence Design .. Materials availability .. Materials supply and transport .. 1021 CCoonntteennttssCIRIA Construction issues that influence Design .. Approaches to construction .. Construction situations.. Maintenance issues that influence Design .. Repair and upgrading.. Navigation and water conveyance canals.

4 Introduction .. Types of structures and functions.. Navigation canals .. Water conveyance canals .. Plan layout and overall concept .. Cross-section Design .. General .. Navigation canals .. Water conveyance canals .. Structural details .. General .. Calculation of ship-induced hydraulic loads .. Design of the cover layer against waves.. Design of the filter layer.. Issues that influence Design .. Construction issues .. Maintenance issues .. Repair and upgrading .. Rock works in small rivers .. Types of structure and functions.

5 Plan layout and overall concept .. Cross-section Design .. General .. Forms of revetment using stone.. river restoration.. Issues that influence Design .. Materials aspects .. Construction aspects .. Maintenance aspects .. Special structures .. General .. Water levels.. Current velocities .. Fishways.. General .. Recent experience with V-shape fish pass on the river Rhine.. Scour protection of bridge piers.. 1049113344110099887766552288 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall ssttrruuccttuurreessCIRIA Use of special materials.

6 Grouted stone with concrete or asphalt .. Definition and use .. Dimensioning of stones and binder .. Structure specific considerations .. Other considerations for construction and maintenance .. Gabions .. Use of gabions for river works .. Plan layout .. Cross-section Design .. Transitions.. Materials issues that influence Design .. Construction issues that influence Design .. Maintenance issues that influence Design .. References .. 106488 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall ssttrruuccttuurreessFFllooww cchhaarrttCIRIA C683969 This flow chart shows where to find information in the chapter and how it links to otherchapters.

7 Use it in combination with the contents page and the index to navigate the Physical site conditionsand data collection3 Materials10 Monitoring, inspection,maintenance and repair9 ConstructionEach section includes: materials issues plan layout construction issues geometry of cross-sections maintenance issues structure-specific issues repair and riversand streamsweirs and riffles,spur dikes, of specialmaterialsgrouted stone, passes, scourprotection tobridge andconveyancecanalsbed protection,bank trainingworksrev etments, guidebanks, spur dikes,flood protection5 Physical processes anddesign tools2 Planning and designingrock works CChhaapptteerr 88explains how to Design rock structures exposed to flows and currents in riversand inputs from other chapters Chapter 2 pprroojjeecctt rreeqquuiirreemmeennttss Chapter 3 mmaatteerriiaall pprrooppeerrttiieess Chapter 4 hhyyddrraauulliicc aanndd ggeeootteecchhnniiccaall iinnppuutt ccoonnddiittiioonnss Chapter 5 ppaarraammeetteerrss ffoorr ssttrruuccttuurree ddeessiiggnn Chapter 9 ccoonnssttrruuccttiioonn mmeetthhooddss aanndd ccoonnssttrraaiinnttss Chapter 10

8 Mmaaiinntteennaannccee ccoonnssiiddeerraattiioonnssKey outputs to other chapters ssttrruuccttuurree ddeessiiggnn ((ccrroossss--sseeccttiioonn aanndd ppllaann llaayyoouutt)) Chapters 9 and 10 NNOOTTEE::The project process is iitteerraattiivvee. The reader should rreevviissiitt CChhaapptteerr 22throughout theproject life cycle for a reminder of important 88 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall Types of structure and Design methodology113344110099887766552288 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall ssttrruuccttuurreessCIRIA C68397088 DDeessiiggnn ooff rriivveerr aanndd ccaannaall ssttrruuccttuurreessThis chapter examines the use of armourstone in open channels both natural and man-made.

9 This includes rivers, streams, drainage channels, waterways, navigation canals,irrigation canals and any channel conveying water. Closure works on open channels arediscussed in Chapter flow chart of Chapter 8 presents the organisation of this chapter. The Design of riverand canal rock structures follows the process identified in Chapter 2 which is revisited inSection fundamental difference between natural channels eg rivers and streams, and artificialchannels, eg canals and waterways, is that the latter are more regulated. Geometry, flowconditions and water level variations in artificial channels are often less than in naturalchannels and flow velocities tend to be lower.

10 The different impacts on Design of the worksare discussed in this gives an introduction to structures covered in this chapter. Section deals withstructures in rivers. Section deals with canals and water conveyance channels by stressingthe differences with river structures . Sections to deal with the more specific issuesrelated to some types of special structures , rock works in small rivers and specific and streams are dynamic entities with boundaries, such as bed and banks, which aresubject to erosion and deposition. Artificial channels are often constructed using erodiblematerials such as existing ground or compacted earthfill.