Fundamentals of FTIR Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents infrared SPECTRAL interpretation Chapter 1 The Basics of infrared interpretation I. Introduction A. The Advantages of infrared Spectroscopy B. The Disadvantages of infrared Spectroscopy II. The Basics of infrared Absorbance A. The Properties of Light B. What is an infrared Spectrum? C. The Nature of Molecular Vibrations: Normal Modes III. How Molecules Absorb infrared Radiation A. The First Necessary Condition for infrared Absorption B. The Second Necessary Condition for infrared Absorption IV. The Origin of infrared Peak Positions, Intensities, and Widths A.

2 Peak Positions 1. The Harmonic Oscillator Model of Molecular Vibrations 2. Real World Molecules: Anharmonic Vibrations B. The Origin of Peak Intensities C. The Origin of Peak Widths D. The Origin of Group Wavenumbers V. infrared Spectral interpretation : A Systematic Approach A. Dealing With Mixtures B. Properly Performing Identities C. infrared Spectral interpretation : A 10-Step Approach VI. Conclusion Bibliography Chapter 2 Hydrocarbons I. Alkanes A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Straight Chain Alkanes 1.

3 C-H Stretching Vibrations 2. C-H Bending Vibrations 3. Estimating Hydrocarbon Chain Length from infrared Spectra C. The infrared Spectra of Branched Alkanes 1. Structure and Nomenclature 2. Spectra of Branched Chain Alkanes II. Alkenes A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Alkenes 1. C-H Stretching 2. C=C Stretching 3. C-H Bending III. Alkynes A. Structure and Nomenclature B. infrared Spectra of Alkynes IV. Aromatic Hydrocarbons A. Structure and Nomenclature B.

4 The infrared Spectra of Aromatic Molecules 1. Overview: The infrared Spectrum of Benzene 2. The infrared Spectra of Mono- and Disubstituted Benzene Rings 3. Methyl Groups Attached to Benzene Rings Bibliography Problem Spectra Chapter 3 Functional Groups Containing the C-O Bond I. Alcohols and Phenols A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Alcohols: The Effects of Hydrogen Bonding C. The infrared Spectra of Saturated Alcohols D. The infrared Spectra of Aromatic Alcohols: Phenols E.

5 Distinguishing Alcohols from Water II. Ethers A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Ethers C. Saturated Ethers D. The infrared Spectra of Aromatic Ethers E. CH3 and CH2 Groups Attached to an Oxygen Bibliography Problem Spectra Chapter 4 The Carbonyl Functional Group I. Introduction II. Ketones A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Ketones III. Aldehydes A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectroscopy of Aldehydes IV. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives A. Carboxylic Acids 1.

6 Structure and Nomenclature 2. The infrared Spectra of Carboxylic Acids B. Carboxylic Acid Salts: Carboxylates 1. Structure and Nomenclature 2. The infrared Spectra of Carboxylates C. Acid Anhydrides 1. Structure and Nomenclature 2. infrared Spectroscopy of Acid Anhydrides V. Esters A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Esters: The Rule of Three C. Saturated Esters D. Aromatic Esters VI. Organic Carbonates A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Organic Carbonates VII.

7 Summary Bibliography Problem Spectra Chapter 5 Organic Nitrogen Compounds I. Introduction II. Amides A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amides 1. Primary Amides 2. Secondary Amides 3. Tertiary Amides 4. Proteins III. Imides A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The Spectroscopy of Imides IV. Amines A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The infrared Spectra of Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary Amines 1. Primary Amines 2.

8 Secondary Amines 3. Tertiary Amines 4. Methyl Groups Attached to an Amine Nitrogen V. Nitriles: The C N Bond A. Structure and Nomenclature B. Spectroscopy of the C N Bond VI. The Nitro Group A. Structure and Nomenclature B. The Spectroscopy of the NO2 Group Bibliography Problem Spectra Chapter 6 Organic Compounds Containing Sulfur, Silicon, and Halogens I. Organic Sulfur Compounds A. Thiols (Mercaptans) 1. Structure and Nomenclature 2. infrared Spectra of Thiols B. Molecules Containing Sulfur/Oxygen Bonds 1.

9 Structure and Nomenclature 2. Spectra of Compounds Containing One S=O Bond 3. Spectra of Compounds with Two S=O Bonds II. Organic Silicon Compounds A. Structure and Nomenclature of Siloxanes (Silicones) B. Spectra of Siloxanes III. Halogenated Organic Compounds Bibliography Chapter 7 Inorganic Compounds I. Introduction II. Inorganic Sulfates III. Silica IV. Inorganic Carbonates V. Nitrates VI. Phosphates Bibliography Chapter 8 infrared Spectra of Polymers I. Introduction II. Recyclable Plastics A.

10 Low Density and High Density Polyethylene B. Polypropylene C. Polystyrene D. Polyethylene Terephthalate III. Engineering Plastics A. Polyamides B. Acrylates C. Diisocyanates and Polyurethanes D. Polycarbonates E. Polyimides F. Polytetrafluoroethylene Bibliography Chapter 9 Spectral interpretation Aids I. Spectral Atlases II. Spectral Subtraction A. Optimizing the Subtraction Factor B. Subtraction Artifacts III. Spectral Library Searching A. Search Algorithms B. Interpreting Search Results C. Subtract and Search Again IV.