IMPACT OF WORLD WAR I

1 IMPACT OF WORLD WAR IIMPACT OF WORLD WAR I WORLD War I has been called aWorld War I has been called a war with many causes but nowar with many causes but This profound sense ofThis profound sense ofwastewasteand pointlessnessand pointlessnesswill shapewill shapeEuropean politics in the postEuropean politics in the post--war period. Total WarTotal War Industrial weapons of massIndustrial weapons of mass--killingkilling Extreme NationalismExtreme Nationalism Civilians targetedCivilians targeted Genocide: Turks slaughter ArmeniansGenocide: Turks slaughter Armenians Communist RevolutionCommunist Revolution TerrorismTerrorismNew Horrors for a New CenturyNew Horrors for a New CenturyAftermath of WORLD War I: ConsequencesAftermath of WORLD War I: ConsequencesSocialSocial.

2 Almost 10 million soldiers were killed almost 10 million soldiers were killed and over 20 million are woundedand over 20 million are wounded millions of civilians died as a result of millions of civilians died as a result of the hostilities, famine, and diseasethe hostilities, famine, and disease the WORLD was left with hatred, the WORLD was left with hatred, intolerance, and intolerance, and War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004, 000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000, 0009,000,00010,000,000 RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUSThe Spanish Flu (Influenza)The Spanish Flu (Influenza)--19181918 Struck in the trenches of the Western Front and then Struck in the trenches of the Western Front and then flourished when soldiers returned when soldiers returned home.

3 It became the greatest public health disaster of modern It became the greatest public health disaster of modern historyhistory The pandemic killed between 22 and 30 million people The pandemic killed between 22 and 30 million people worldwide, or roughly twice as many as had died during worldwide, or roughly twice as many as had died during the fightingthe fighting In Spain, it killed roughly 40 percent of the population (8 In Spain, it killed roughly 40 percent of the population (8 million), thus giving it the name of the Spanish ), thus giving it the name of the Spanish Influenza. British colonial troops carried it to India where it killed 12 British colonial troops carried it to India where it killed 12 million.

4 Million. No disease, plague, war, famine, or natural catastrophe in No disease, plague, war, famine, or natural catastrophe in WORLD history had killed so many people in such a short WORLD history had killed so many people in such a short Genocide Against ArmeniansTurkish Genocide Against ArmeniansA Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!Turkish Genocide Against ArmeniansTurkish Genocide Against Armenians387,800387,8002,133,1902,133,19 0 TotalTotal15,00015,00073,39073,390 TrapizondTrapizondDistrictDistrict163,00 0163,000194,000194,000 European TurkeyEuropean Turkey70,00070,000309,000309,000 Cilicia and Northern SyriaCilicia and Northern Syria27,00027,000371,800371,800 Western AnatoliaWestern AnatoliaOther ArmenianOther Armenian--populated Sites in populated Sites in TurkeyTurkey16,80016,800225,000225,000 SivasSivas56,00056,000220,000220,000 BitlisBitlis3,0003,000124,000124,000 DiarbekirDiarbekir35,00035,000204,000204 .

5 000 KharbertKharbert500500197,000197,000 VanVan1,5001,500215,000215,000 ErzerumErzerum1922192219141914 Districts & Districts & VilayetsVilayetsof Western of Western Armenia in TurkeyArmenia in TurkeyAftermath of WORLD War I: ConsequencesAftermath of WORLD War I: ConsequencesEconomicEconomic:: the total cost of the war: overthe total cost of the war: over$350$350billion. Howbillion. Howwas this paid for???was this paid for??? heavy taxes heavy taxes causes lower standard of living for causes lower standard of living for the European European people. international trade suffers international trade suffers nations raise the nations raise the tariffs on imports and on imports and exports.

6 Russia Russia CCommunists seize power and ommunists seize power and introduce a new economic a new economic system. Economic collapses bring on the Great Economic collapses bring on the Great Depression of the late 1920 Depression of the late 1920 s and 1930s and 1930 of WORLD War I: ConsequencesAftermath of WORLD War I: ConsequencesPoliticalPolitical:: U. S. emerges as a WORLD power because of the U. S. emerges as a WORLD power because of the assumption of international of international responsibilities. 3 major European dynasties are taken out of power: 3 major European dynasties are taken out of power: Romanovs in Russia, Hohenzollerns in Germany, Romanovs in Russia, Hohenzollerns in Germany, Hapsburgs in AustriaHapsburgs in New states are created in central Europe, some New states are created in central Europe, some containing several different nationalities, especially in containing several different nationalities, especially in Poland and and Czechoslovakia.

7 The League of Nations is created to solve international The League of Nations is created to solve international problems and maintain WORLD peace problems and maintain WORLD peace Will be a be a failure. Many nations turn to military dictatorshipsMany nations turn to military dictatorships primarily primarily Russia, Italy, and Germany, to control their political Russia, Italy, and Germany, to control their political s leader hoped to gain territory for his nation, but was disappointed to find himself mostly ignored by other leaders during peace peace had come to the battlefield, the leaders of the war s major countries still had to work out a formal peace agreement.

8 This task would prove difficult. Wilson announced his vision of WORLD peace, Fourteen Points Included reduction of weapons, right of people to choose own government Proposed organization of WORLD nations, protect from aggressionWilson s VisionA Difficult PeaceA Difficult Peace Leaders of four major Allies all had different ideas of peace treaty French wanted to punish Germany, reparations for cost of war British wanted to punish Germany, but not weaken itAllied Goals After difficult negotiations, the Allies finally compromised on After difficult negotiations, the Allies finally compromised on the the Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles.

9 The treaty was named after the French Palace . The treaty was named after the French Palace of Versailles, where the treaty signing took Versailles, where the treaty signing took place. Germany forced to pay enormous amount of money to war s victims Treaty also assessed responsibility for the war on GermanyKey points Military size limited Return conquered lands to France, Russia German land taken to form Poland Other colonies given to various WORLD powersWeaker Germany Furious, though no choice but to sign Reparations crippled economy Bitterness would affect German politics in years to comeGerman reactionThe Treaty of VersaillesThe Treaty of VersaillesLeague of Nations Organization of WORLD governments proposed by Wilson Established by Treaty of VersaillesOther treaties Separate agreements with all defeated Central Powers Made important changes to EuropeMain goals Encourage cooperation, keep peace between nations Germany excluded did not ratify treaty, not member, weakened LeagueChanges in Europe Austria-Hungary.

10 Ottoman Empire lands broken apart Independent nations created: Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, TurkeyAftermathAftermathGerman Territorial Losses: 1919-1921 The Costs of the WarThe Costs of the WarUnrest in ColoniesUnrest in Colonies Many colonists who fought in war heard noble Many colonists who fought in war heard noble words about importance of freedom, democracy words about importance of freedom, democracy After fighting for colonial rulers, expected rights After fighting for colonial rulers, expected rights for themselvesfor themselves Wartime sacrifices did not win new freedomsWartime sacrifices did not win new freedoms European powers split up lands controlled by European powers split up lands controlled by Germans.