Data Communication and Computer Network Tutorial

1 data Communication and Computer Network Tutorial i data Communication AND Computer Network Tutorial Simply Easy Learning by tutorials POINT Simply Easy Learning ABOUT THE TU TORIAL data Communication and Compuet Network Tutorial data communications refers to the transmission of this digital data between two or more computers and a Computer Network or data Network is a telecommunications Network that allows computers to exchange data . The physical connection between networked computing devices is established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known Computer Network is the Internet. This Tutorial will teach you basics of data Communication and Computer Network (DCN) and will also take you through various advance concepts related to data Communication and Computer Network .

2 Audience This Tutorial has been prepared for the Computer science graduates to help them understand the basic to advanced concepts related to data Communication and Computer networking . After completing this Tutorial you will find yourself at a moderate level of expertise in data Communication and Computer networking from where you can take yourself to next levels. Prerequisites Before you start proceeding with this Tutorial , I'm making an assumption that you are already aware about basic Computer concepts like what is keyboard, mouse, monitor, input, putput, primary memory and secondary memory etc. If you are not well aware of these concepts then I will suggest to go through our short Tutorial on Computer Fundamentals.

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4 2 8 Categories .. 8 Geographical Span .. 8 Inter-connectivity .. 8 Administration .. 9 Network Architecture .. 9 Network Applications .. 9 Computer Network - Types .. 10 Personal Area Network .. 10 Local Area Network .. 11 Metropolitan Area Network .. 11 Wide Area Network .. 12 Internetwork .. 13 Network LAN 14 Fast-Ethernet .. 14 Giga-Ethernet .. 14 Virtual LAN .. 15 Computer Network Topologies .. 16 Bus Topology .. 16 Ring Topology .. 18 Mesh Topology .. 19 Tree Topology .. 20 Daisy Chain .. 21 Hybrid Topology .. 21 Computer Network Models .. 23 Layered tasks .. 23 OSI Model .. 24 Internet Model .. 25 Computer Network Security .. 26 Secret Key Encryption .. 27 Public Key Encryption .. 27 Message Digest .. 27 Physical Layer Introduction.

5 28 tutorials POINT Simply Easy Learning Signals .. 28 Transmission impairment .. 28 Transmission Media .. 29 Channel Capacity .. 29 Multiplexing .. 30 Switching .. 30 Digital Transmission .. 31 Digital-to-digital conversion .. 31 Line Coding .. 31 UNI-POLAR 32 POLAR ENCODING .. 32 POLAR-NRZ (NON-RETURN TO ZERO) .. 32 RZ (RETURN TO ZERO) .. 33 MANCHESTER .. 34 DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER .. 34 BIPOLAR ENCODING .. 34 Block Coding .. 35 Transmission Modes .. 36 PARALLEL TRANSMISSION .. 37 SERIAL TRANSMISSION .. 37 ASYNCHRONOUS SERIAL TRANSMISSION .. 37 SYNCHRONOUS SERIAL TRANSMISSION .. 38 Analog Transmission .. 39 Digital-to-Analog Conversion .. 39 AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYING .. 39 FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING .. 40 PHASE SHIFT KEYING.

6 41 QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEYING .. 41 Analog-to-analog conversion .. 41 AMPLITUDE MODULATION .. 41 FREQUENCY MODULATION .. 42 PHASE MODULATION .. 43 Transmission Media .. 45 Twisted Pair Cable .. 45 Coaxial Cable .. 46 Power Lines .. 47 Wireless Transmission .. 49 Radio Transmission .. 49 Microwave Transmission .. 50 tutorials POINT Simply Easy Learning Infrared 51 Light Transmission .. 51 Multiplexing .. 53 Frequency Division Multiplexing .. 53 Time Division Multiplexing .. 54 Wavelength Division Multiplexing .. 54 Code Division Multiplexing .. 55 Network Switching .. 56 Circuit Switching .. 56 Message Switching .. 57 Packet Switching .. 58 data Link Layer Introduction .. 59 Functionality of data -link Layer.

7 59 Error Detection and Correction .. 61 Error Detection .. 62 PARITY CHECK .. 62 CYCLIC REDUNDANCY CHECK .. 62 Error Correction .. 63 data Link Control and Protocols .. 64 Flow Control .. 64 Error Control .. 65 STOP-AND-WAIT ARQ .. 65 GO-BACK-N 66 SELECTIVE REPEAT ARQ .. 67 Network Layer Introduction .. 69 Layer-3 Functionalities .. 69 Network Layer Features .. 69 Network Addressing .. 71 Network Layer Routing .. 74 Unicast routing .. 74 Broadcast routing .. 75 Multicast Routing .. 76 Anycast Routing .. 77 Unicast Routing protocols .. 77 DISTANCE VECTOR ROUTING PROTOCOL .. 77 LINK STATE ROUTING PROTOCOL .. 77 Multicast Routing Protocols .. 78 Routing Algorithms .. 78 FLOODING .. 78 tutorials POINT Simply Easy Learning SHORTEST PATH.

8 78 Internetworking .. 79 Tunneling .. 80 Packet fragmentation .. 80 Network Layer Protocols .. 82 Internet Control Message Protocol .. 83 Internet Protocol version 4 .. 84 Internet Protocol version 6 .. 84 Transport Layer Introduction .. 85 85 End-to-end Communication .. 85 Transmission Control Protocol .. 87 Features .. 87 Header .. 87 Addressing: .. 89 Connection Management: .. 89 ESTABLISHMENT: .. 89 RELEASE: .. 90 Bandwidth Management:.. 90 Error Control & Flow Control: .. 90 Multiplexing: .. 90 Congestion Control: .. 90 User Datagram Protocol .. 92 Requirement: .. 92 Features: .. 92 UDP Header: .. 93 UDP application: .. 93 Application Layer Introduction .. 94 Client-Server 96 Communication : .. 97 Sockets: .. 97 Remote Procedure Call.

9 98 Application Protocols .. 99 Domain Name System .. 99 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol .. 99 File Transfer Protocol .. 100 Post Office Protocol .. 100 Hyper Text Transfer Protocol .. 100 Network Services .. 101 tutorials POINT Simply Easy Learning Directory Services .. 101 ACCOUNTING .. 101 AUTHENTICATION & AUTHORIZATION .. 101 DOMAIN NAME SERVICES .. 101 File Services .. 101 FILE SHARING .. 101 FILE TRANSFER .. 102 Communication 102 EMAIL .. 102 SOCIAL networking .. 102 INTERNET CHAT .. 102 DISCUSSION BOARDS .. 102 REMOTE ACCESS .. 102 Application Services .. 102 RESOURCE SHARING .. 102 DATABASES .. 102 WEB SERVICES .. 103 tutorials POINT Simply Easy Learning Overview Introduction Asystem of interconnected computers and computerized peripherals (such as printers) is called Network .

10 This interconnection among computers facilitates information sharing among them. Computers may connect to each other by wired media or wireless media. Categories Computer Networks are classified into many categories based on their respective attributes. These includes: Geographical span Inter-connectivity Administration Architecture Geographical Span Geographically a Network can be seen in one of the following categories: It may be spanned across your table, among Bluetooth enabled devices. Ranging not more than few meters. It may be spanned across a whole building, including intermediate devices to connect all floors. It may be spanned across a whole city. It may be spanned across multiple cities or provinces.