The Clinical Neuropsychologist Diversity Summit 2008 ...

1 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLEThis article was downloaded by: [New York University]On: 17 December 2010 Access details: Access Details: [subscription number 922517635]Publisher Psychology PressInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UKThe Clinical NeuropsychologistPublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: ~content=t713721659 Diversity Summit 2008: challenges in the recruitment and retention ofEthnic Minorities in NeuropsychologyDesiree Byrdab; Jill Razanic; Paola Suarezd; Jose M. Lafossee; Jennifer Manlyf; Deborah K. Attixga Department of Pathology, b Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, NewYork, NY c Department of Psychology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA d JointDoctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California, SanDiego, CA e Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Regis University, Denver, CO f Department ofNeurology, Columbia University, New York, NY g Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, DukeUniversity, Durham, NC, USAO nline publication date: 24 November 2010To cite this Article Byrd, Desiree , Razani, Jill , Suarez, Paola , Lafosse, Jose M.

2 , Manly, Jennifer and Attix, DeborahK.(2010) ' Diversity Summit 2008: challenges in the recruitment and retention of Ethnic Minorities inNeuropsychology', The Clinical Neuropsychologist , 24: 8, 1279 1291To link to this Article: DOI: : terms and conditions of use: article may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial orsystematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply ordistribution in any form to anyone is expressly publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contentswill be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug dosesshould be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss,actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directlyor indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this Clinical Neuropsychologist , 24: 1279 1291, 2010 : 1385-4046 print/1744-4144 onlineDOI: Summit 2008: challenges IN THERECRUITMENT AND retention OF ETHNICMINORITIES IN NEUROPSYCHOLOGYD esiree Byrd1,2, Jill Razani3, Paola Suarez4, Jose M.

3 Lafosse5,Jennifer Manly6, and Deborah K. Attix71 Department of Pathology and2 Department of Psychiatry, The Mount SinaiSchool of Medicine, New York, NY,3 Department of Psychology, CaliforniaState University Northridge, Northridge, CA,4 Joint Doctoral Program inClinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California,San Diego, CA,5 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Regis University,Denver, CO,6 Department of Neurology, Columbia University,New York, NY, and7 Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology,Duke University, Durham, NC, USAThe 2008 Diversity Summit recognized the many advantages of increasing the number ofneuropsychologists from ethnically diverse backgrounds. The Summit addressed theaspiration of creating a more ethnically diverse body of neuropsychologists by increasingthe recruitment of ethnic minority students to neuropsychology training to successful recruitment and retention of ethnic minority students werediscussion points at the Summit .

4 This paper summarizes and expands these points and alsosuggests solutions to these challenges with the aim of stimulating innovative approachesto increasing the representation of ethnic minorities in : recruitment ; Ethnic Minority; Neuropsychology 2008 Multicultural Problem Solving Summit drew together neuropsy-chologists of various backgrounds and areas of expertise to address the challengesof assessing ethnic minorities. For a full description of the formation and content ofthe Summit , please consult the published proceedings (Romero et al., 2009). For thepurposes of the Summit and this paper, ethnic minorities include individualsbelonging to a group presently considered a minority in the United States, whetherdefined by race, culture, or language, such as Native American/Alaska Native,Asian American/Pacific Islander, Black/African American, or , the terms cross-cultural and multicultural are used in this paper todescribe those cultural factors ( , ethnic identity, bilingualism) that contribute toThe Clinical Neuropsychologist , 24: 1279 1291, 2010 : 1385-4046 print/1744-4144 onlineDOI: Summit 2008: challenges IN THERECRUITMENT AND retention OF ETHNICMINORITIES IN NEUROPSYCHOLOGYD esiree Byrd1,2, Jill Razani3, Paola Suarez4, Jose M.

5 Lafosse5,Jennifer Manly6, and Deborah K. Attix71 Department of Pathology and2 Department of Psychiatry, The Mount SinaiSchool of Medicine, New York, NY,3 Department of Psychology, CaliforniaState University Northridge, Northridge, CA,4 Joint Doctoral Program inClinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California,San Diego, CA,5 Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Regis University,Denver, CO,6 Department of Neurology, Columbia University,New York, NY, and7 Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology,Duke University, Durham, NC, USAThe 2008 Diversity Summit recognized the many advantages of increasing the number ofneuropsychologists from ethnically diverse backgrounds. The Summit addressed theaspiration of creating a more ethnically diverse body of neuropsychologists by increasingthe recruitment of ethnic minority students to neuropsychology training to successful recruitment and retention of ethnic minority students werediscussion points at the Summit .

6 This paper summarizes and expands these points and alsosuggests solutions to these challenges with the aim of stimulating innovative approachesto increasing the representation of ethnic minorities in : recruitment ; Ethnic Minority; Neuropsychology 2008 Multicultural Problem Solving Summit drew together neuropsy-chologists of various backgrounds and areas of expertise to address the challengesof assessing ethnic minorities. For a full description of the formation and content ofthe Summit , please consult the published proceedings (Romero et al., 2009). For thepurposes of the Summit and this paper, ethnic minorities include individualsbelonging to a group presently considered a minority in the United States, whetherdefined by race, culture, or language, such as Native American/Alaska Native,Asian American/Pacific Islander, Black/African American, or , the terms cross-cultural and multicultural are used in this paper todescribe those cultural factors ( , ethnic identity, bilingualism) that contribute toAddress correspondence to: Desiree Byrd, , Assistant Professor of Pathology and Psychiatry,Mt Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, MHBB 1134 New York, NY 10029, : for publication: August 5, 2010.

7 2010 Psychology Press, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis group, an Informa businessDownloaded By: [New York University] At: 17:35 17 December 2010the experiences of and account for performance differences of individuals from theseminority need to increase the body of professionals who are ethnically andlinguistically diverse was clearly recognized at the Summit . Multiple benefits todiversification were highlighted, including the ethnically diverse individuals serve asmentors and role models to prospective students and junior professionals fromsimilar ethnic backgrounds (Maton & Hrabowski, 2004; Rogers & Molina, 2006).Ethnic minority clinicians/researchers with the requisite cultural-linguistic expertisealso bring new perspectives to theory development and Clinical application, inaddition to personal insight to culture-related factors that may impact assessment(Maton, Kohout, Wicharski, Leary, & Vinokurov, 2006; Sue, Bingham, Porche-Burke, & Vasquez, 1999).

8 Furthermore there is a continuing disparity between thegrowing numbers of ethnic minority clients and the availability of multicultural andmultilingual neuropsychologists. While we recognize that non-minority neuropsy-chologists are capable of providing culturally and linguistically competent servicesto clients, there are valuable benefits that emerge from the presence of minorityneuropsychologists, including unique cultural-linguistic expertise and perspectivesavailable to address the challenges posed by multiculturalism. We also recognizethat ethnic identification alone does not guarantee the cultural and/or linguisticknowledge or sensitivity that is required to render culturally competent services toclients. Nonetheless, the goal of this paper, and the corresponding portions of theSummit upon which it is based, is to increase the recruitment and retention of ethnicminority , there are no standardized mechanisms for tracking the ethnicbackground of trainees or professionals in neuropsychology.

9 However, availablestatistics from the American Psychological Association (APA) reflect consistentunder-representation of ethnic minorities in the field relative to national censusdata. Data provided by Maton et al. (2006), based on the re-analyses of APA andNational Science Foundation surveys, suggest that, in 2003, of recipients were minorities. They correctly highlight that this percentage is lessthan half of the population of minorities, which in 2003 was Morespecific to neuropsychology, a comparison of 4 years of Division 40 membershipdata (2002 2006) on race and ethnicity suggests that the proportion of memberswho chose to respond to questions of race/ethnicity and who reported belongingto an ethnic minority group has remained consistent at around , showing nogrowth during that four year period (American Psychological Association, 2006).An informal survey, conducted by the authors of this manuscript, of Directors ofClinical Training at five prominent neuropsychology graduate training programsdemonstrates that an average of 18% of neuropsychology training cohorts over thepast 5 years were ethnic minority.

10 A similar survey conducted by the authors ofAssociation of Postdoctoral Programs in Clinical Neuropsychology (APPCN) post-doctoral programs indicated that, in 2008, 19% of neuropsychology post-doctoralfellows identify as ethnic minority. The discrepancy between the APA Division 40membership data and our surveys may be due in part to reporting biases ( , notall neuropsychologists are APA members, join Division 40, or report their ethnicity,etc.) or selection bias ( , the five neuropsychology doctoral programs andAPPCN affiliated post-doctoral programs may not be representative of all training1280 DESIREE BYRD ET By: [New York University] At: 17:35 17 December 2010programs). Nonetheless, these estimates, which seem to suggest some recentimprovement, continue to reflect the under-representation of ethnic minorities in thefield particularly in light of the fact that minorities are projected to constitute halfthe population by 2040 (United States Census Bureau, 1996).