Structural Design of Stainless Steel

1 P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel Discuss me .. SCI PUBLICATION P291. Structural Design of Stainless Steel This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement N R BADDOO MA CEng MICE. B A BURGAN BSc MSc DIC PhD CEng MIStructE. Published by: The Steel Construction Institute Silwood Park Ascot Created on 01 June 2012. Berkshire SL5 7QN. Tel: 01344 623345. Fax: 01344 622944. P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel Discuss me .. This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement 2001 The Steel Construction Institute Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the UK Copyright Licensing Agency, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organisation outside the UK.

2 Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers, The Steel Construction Institute, at the address given on the title page. Although care has been taken to ensure, to the best of our knowledge, that all data and information contained herein are accurate to the extent that they relate to either matters of fact or accepted practice or matters of opinion at the time of publication, The Steel Construction Institute, the authors and the reviewers assume no responsibility for any errors in or misinterpretations of such data and/or information or any loss or damage arising from or related to their use. Publications supplied to the Members of the Institute at a discount are not for resale by them. Publication Number: SCI P291. ISBN 1 85942 116 4. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Created on 01 June 2012. ii P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel Discuss me.

3 FOREWORD. This document is a Design guide for Stainless Steel written for engineers experienced in the Design of carbon Steel Structural steelwork but not necessarily in the Design of Stainless Steel structures. The purpose of this guide is to promote the safe and efficient use of Stainless Steel in structures. Since there is no British Standard for designing Structural Stainless Steel , this guide is based on the new version of BS 5950-1, Code of Practice for Design in simple and continuous construction, published by BSI in 2000. The guidance provided is an extension of the code as appropriate to the Design of Stainless Steel structures. Where the detailed code rules are unsuitable for the Design of Stainless Steel elements, the guide draws on the recommendations given in the trial Eurocode for Stainless Steel , ENV 1993-1-4 and other sources, with suitable modification to bring the recommendations into the format of BS 5950-1:2000. Design examples are included to demonstrate the use of the recommendations.

4 This guide combines, updates and replaces three former SCI publications concerned with the Structural Design of Stainless Steel : Concise guide to the Structural Design of Stainless Steel (P123). Stainless Steel fixings and ancillary components (P119). This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement Section property and member capacity tables for cold formed Stainless Steel (P152). The preparation of these earlier publications was sponsored by the following organisation: Allott & Lomax Fox Wire Limited (now, Babtie Group Allott & Lomax). Halfen Limited Ancon Stainless Steel Fixings Ltd. Health & Safety Executive (now, Ancon Building Products). Hilti (Great Britain) Limited Arup Research and Development International Chromium Development Avesta Sheffield Ltd. Association (now, AvestaPolarit Ltd.). Nickel Development Institute Chevron (UK) Limited Shell UK Exploration & Production. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (now, Department of Transport, Local Government and the Regions).

5 The work leading up to this publication was sponsored by AvestaPolarit Ltd. This publication was prepared by Nancy Baddoo and Dr Bassam Burgan, both of The Steel Construction Institute. Valuable comments were received from Dr Allan Mann (Babtie Group Allott & Lomax), Roger Crookes (BSSA - Stainless Steel Advisory Service) and Abdul Malik (SCI). New Design information on circular hollow sections and fire resistance has also been added, based on recommendations from a recently completed ECSC-funded project Development of the use of Stainless Steel in construction. Created on 01 June 2012. Further technical information on Stainless Steel is available online via the electronic advisory service on the British Stainless Steel Association web site This web site also hosts a Stainless Steel products and services locator. iii Created on 01 June 2012. This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement Discuss me.

6 P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel iv P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel Discuss me .. Contents Page No. FOREWORD iii SUMMARY vii NOTATION xi 1 INTRODUCTION 1. What is Stainless Steel ? 1. Scope of this publication 3. General Design principles 3. 2 PROPERTIES AND SELECTION OF MATERIALS 6. Basic stress-strain behaviour 6. Properties 7. Selection of materials 19. 3 Design OF CROSS-SECTIONS 22. General 22. Gross cross-section 22. Net area 22. This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement Effective net area 23. Influence of rounded corners 23. Shear lag 24. Flange curling 24. Classification of cross-sections 25. 4 Design OF MEMBERS 32. Introduction 32. Tension members 32. Compression members 33. Members in bending 37. Members subject to combined loading 49. 5 Design OF CONNECTIONS 52. Design considerations and assumptions 52. Bolted connections 52. Pin connections 57. Preloaded bolts 57.

7 Securing nuts against vibration 57. Welded connections 57. 6 FIRE RESISTANT Design 59. General 59. Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures 60. Thermal properties at elevated temperatures 62. Determination of Structural fire resistance 62. Calculation of temperature rise in Stainless Steel 69. Created on 01 June 2012. v P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel Discuss me .. 7 FABRICATION ASPECTS 70. General 70. Storage and handling 70. Shaping operations 71. Welding 72. Finishing 74. Galling and seizure 74. 8 INTRODUCTION TO Design TABLES 76. General 76. Gross section properties 80. Effective section properties 83. Members in compression 85. Members in tension 88. Members in bending 89. 9 REFERENCES 91. 10 SOURCES OF FURTHER INFORMATION 94. Web sites 94. Advisory services 95. APPENDIX A Specifications covering Stainless Steel fixings and ancillary components 96. This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement APPENDIX B Limits on cross-sections 97.

8 APPENDIX C Sections with large internal corner radii 98. Design EXAMPLES 101. Design example 1 102. Design example 2 106. Design example 3 110. Design example 4 121. Design TABLES 127. Index to Design tables 128. Created on 01 June 2012. vi P291: Structural Design of Stainless Steel Discuss me .. SUMMARY. This document is a guide to the Design of Stainless Steel structures for engineers. The guide gives Design recommendations, Design examples, section properties and member capacities for commonly used Stainless Steel sections. This guide applies to the Design of the grades of Stainless Steel that are widely used in Structural applications, including the austenitic grades (304), (316) and their low carbon variants. Duplex grades (SAF 2304) and (2205) are also covered. The recommendations on Structural Design given in the guide have, as far as is practicable, been harmonized with BS 5950-1: 2000. The guide gives recommendations on how to select the most appropriate grade of Stainless Steel for a given application.

9 It provides information on the mechanical properties, physical properties and Design strength of Stainless Steel . The guide covers aspects of material behaviour, cross-section Design , member Design , connections, fabrication and fire resistant Design . Design examples are included to illustrate the use of the Design recommendations. Based on these Design recommendations, a comprehensive set of Design tables is presented, giving gross and effective section properties, section classification and member capacities for a wide range of cold formed Stainless Steel sections. The Structural forms covered by the Design tables are circular, rectangular and square hollow sections, This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Steelbiz Licence Agreement channels, double channels back to back, equal angles and equal angles back to back. The grades of Stainless Steel covered in the tables are austenitic Stainless Steel grades (304), (316), (316L) and the duplex grades (SAF 2304) and (2205).

10 Dimensionnement Structural de l'acier inoxydable R sum . Ce document constitue un guide de dimensionnement des structures r alis es en acier inoxydable et est destin aux ing nieurs. Il s'applique aux types d'aciers inoxydables les plus utilis s dans les structures, y compris les aciers aust nitiques (304), (316) et leurs variantes bas taux de carbone. Les types Duplex (SAF 2304) et (2205) sont aussi pris en consid ration. Les recommandations donn es dans ce guide ont t , autant que possible, harmonis es avec celles de la BS 5950-1 : 2000. Le guide montre comment choisir le type d'acier inoxydable le plus appropri pour une application donn e. Des informations concernant les propri t s m caniques et physiques, ainsi que sur la r sistance de dimensionnement des aciers inoxydables sont fournies dans le guide. Il couvre galement les aspects relatifs au comportement du mat riau et au dimensionnement des sections droites, des l ments de structures et des assemblages. La r sistance l'incendie est galement prise en compte.