20 열역학 제2법칙 - optics.hanyang.ac.kr

1 36 ( ) .. (spectrometer) ( )-n1, n2 , n1< n2- : (1885, ) l=( )n2n2-4(n=3,4,5, ) n1=1, n2=2,3,4,.. : n1=2, n2=3,4,5,.. : n1=3, n2=4,5,6,.. : n1=4, n2=5,6,7,.. : . ? ,1H21 Rnnnm656914112,1H21 Rnnnm18751619112,1H21 Rnnnm405025116112,1H21 Rnn ) n2=n2, : n1=1, n2=2 : n1=2, n2=3 : n1=3, n2=4 : n1=4, n2=5 ? , . , .E3 ? Rutherford . , m (reducedmass) :~ m ( ) . DaltonMendelev ( ) Thomson Rutherford Bohr Schrodinger 10 1.

2 PlanckBohrSchrodingerHeisenberg Rutherford ( ) 1 .( 10 1 .) .. [x;p]=i h[x;p]=i h1,2,311 . x .. - . :- .NielsBohr1922 , ! .. , 0 , .. ( )r = , .L2 . P0x()=1P1x()=12ddxx2-1()=xP2x()=18d2dx2x 2-1()2=123x2-1()P3x()=148d3dx3x2-1()3=12 5x3-3x()P4x()=1384d4dx4x2-1()4=1835x4-30 x2+3()P5x()=13840d5dx5x2-1()5=1863x5-70x 3+15x() : f10r()=2a0-32e-ra0f20r()=12a0-321-r2a0 e-r2a0f21r()=126a0-32ra0 e-r2a0f30r()=233a0-321-2r3a0+2r227a02 e-r3a0f31r()=8276a0-32ra0-r26a02 e-r3a0f32r()=48130a0-32r2a02 e-r3a0 n.

3 NlEl:0 1 2 3 4 5 6l e t t e rspdefgh , z)(x,0, nlmxz , ), (r, nlm 01003 / 201,,rarea 000220032002210320022 1 132001, ,12221, ,co s2221, ,sin24rararairreaarreaarreeaa 00002330023200023310232000233 1 1232000232320232003 2 1122, ,132 7332 22, ,co s6272, ,sin6271, ,3 co s18 1 61,,8rararairarrreaaarrreaaarrreeaaarrea ar 00232320023223 2 223200co s sin11, ,sin162rairaireeaarreeaa 1n 2n 3n (LASER) : (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) - (inducedemission): ( , ) - : (population inversion) : ( ) ( )