TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS KEY - mpcfaculty.net

1 TYPES OF CHEMICAL BONDS KEY1. Identify whether each of the following pairs of elements would be expected to form metallic, covalent, or ionic BONDS . (This can be done without electronegativities.)a. carbon and carbon Covalent (Both nonmetals)b. cadmium and cadmium Metallic (Pure metal)c. phosphorus and fluorine Covalent (Both nonmetals)d. molybdenum and selenium ionic (Metal-Nonmetal)2. Identify whether each of the following pairs of elements would be expected to form nonpolar covalent BONDS , polar covalent BONDS , or ionic BONDS . For each of the polar covalent BONDS , identify which of the atoms would have the partial negative charge, , and which atoms would have the partial posi-tive charge, +. For each ionic bond , indicate which atom would have the positive charge, +, and which would have the negative charge, . (This can be done with electronegativities.)

2 A. potassium and chlorine ionic (DEN = = ) K is +, and Cl is .b. carbon and hydrogen Nonpolar covalent (DEN = = )c. sulfur and oxygen Polar covalent (DEN = = ) S is +, and O is .d. selenium and iodine Nonpolar covalent (DEN = = )2. Identify the covalent bond in each pair that would be expected to be most polar. (This can be done with electronegativities.)a. N-Cl (DEN = = ) or N-F (DEN = = )b. Se-F (DEN = = ) or Se-I (DEN = = ) CHEMICAL BONDING, ionic CHARGES AND ionic FORMULAS WORK-SHEET KEY1. Predict whether each of the following would form an ionic bond , a covalent bond , or a metallic Mg and O ionicb. C and Cl covalentc. Ni and Ni metallic2. Predict the ionic charges that each of the following would have in an ionic K +1c. S 2e. P 3 b. Sr +2d. Br 1 f. Sc+33. Write the formula for the ionic compound that would form from the combination of the following Mg and FMgF2c.

3 Al and OAl2O3b. Ca and NCa3N2d. Y and SY2S3 335336 Chapter 3 worksheet KeysIONIC nomenclature worksheet KEY1. Write names that correspond to the following formulas. a. CuF2copper(II) fluorideb. Al(CN)3aluminum cyanidec. NH4 HSO3ammonium hydrogen sulfited. KHCO3potassium hydrogen carbonatee. Sr(ClO)2strontium hypochloritef. Bi2(SO4)3bismuth(III) sulfate2. Write the formulas that correspond to the following names. a. beryllium bicarbonateBe(HCO3)2b. ammonium selenide(NH4)2 Sec. ferrous oxideFeOd. scandium permanganateSc(MnO4)3e. mercury(II) chromateHgCrO4f. sodium dihydrogen phosphateNaH2PO4g. cupric periodateCu(IO4)2 nomenclature FOR BINARY COVALENT COMPOUNDS, BINARY ACIDS, AND OXYACIDS KEY1. Write names that correspond to the following formulas. a. H2SO3sulfurous acidf. H2S(aq)hydrosulfuric acidb. H2S(g)hydrogen sulfideg. HSO3 hydrogen sulfite ionc. P2F4diphosphorus tetrafluorideh.

4 CS2 carbon disulfided. HFhydrogen fluoride i. HIO2 iodous acide. HC2H3O2acetic acid2. Write the formulas that correspond to the following names. a. perbromic acidHBrO4d. chromic acidH2 CrO4b. hydroiodic acidHI(aq)e. hydrogen iodideHIc. silicon dioxideSiO2f. dinitrogen tetrafluoride N2F4337 CHEMISTRY 151 - nomenclature KEY1. Write formulas that correspond to the following copper(I) permanganateCuMnO4b. hydrosulfuric acidH2S(aq)c. ammonium perbromateNH4 BrO4d. sulfur tetrafluorideSF4e. barium phosphiteBa3(PO3)2f. hydrogen iodideHIg. aluminum bicarbonateAl(HCO3)3h. ferrous dihydrogen phosphateFe(H2PO4)2i. hypobromous acidHBrOj. ammoniaNH32. Write names that correspond to the following formulas. a. Hg(CN)2 mercury(II) cyanideb. H2CO3carbonic acidc. KIO2 potassium iodited. H2Se (aq)hydroselenic acide. Mg(HSO3)2magnesium hydrogen sulfitef. NH3ammoniag. LiC2H3O2lithium acetateh.

5 CO carbon monoxidei. CH4methaneBonding Patterns and Lewis Structures worksheet Key1. What is the most common bonding pattern (number of BONDS and number of lone pairs) for the follow-ing elements? a. H 1 bond and 0 lone pairsb. iodine 1 bond and 3 lone pairsc. sulfur 2 BONDS and 2 lone pairsd. N 3 BONDS and 1 lone paire. C 4 BONDS and 0 lone pairsf. phosphorus 3 bond and 1 lone pairg. oxygen 2 BONDS and 2 lone pairsh. Br 1 bond and 3 lone pairs338 Chapter 3 worksheet Keys2. Draw a Lewis structure for each of the oxygen difluoride, OF2 (an unstable, colorless gas) Oxygen atoms usually have 2 covalent BONDS and 2 lone pairs, and fluorine atoms have 1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs. #S#S0b. bromoform, CHBr3 (used as a sedative) Carbon atoms usually have 4 covalent BONDS and no lone pairs, hydrogen atoms always have 1 covalent bond and no lone pairs, and bromine atoms usually have 1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs.

6 The hydrogen atom can be put in any of the 4 positions.$#S#S)#Sc. phosphorus triiodide, PI3 (used to make organic compounds) Phosphorus atoms usually have 3 covalent BONDS and 1 lone pair, and iodine atoms usually have 1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs. The lone pair can be placed in any one of the 4 posi-tions around the phosphorus atom. 1**d. nitrogen trifluoride, NF3 (used in high-energy fuels) Nitrogen atoms usually have 3 covalent BONDS and 1 lone pair, and fluorine atoms have 1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs. The lone pair can be placed in any one of the 4 positions around the nitrogen '''e. chloroethane, C2H5Cl (used to make the gasoline additive tetraethyl lead)Carbon atoms usually have 4 covalent BONDS and no lone pairs, hydrogen atoms always have 1 covalent bond and no lone pairs, and chlorine atoms usually have 1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs. The chlorine atom can be put in any of the 6 positions around the 2 carbon atoms.

7 $))$))$Mf. hypobromous acid, HOBr (used as a wastewater disinfectant)Hydrogen atoms always have 1 covalent bond and no lone pairs, oxygen atoms usually have 2 covalent BONDS and 2 lone pairs, and bromine atoms usually have 1 covalent bond and 3 lone pairs.)0#Sg. hydrogen cyanide, HCN (used to manufacture dyes and pesticides) $/)339h. tetrachloroethane, C2Cl4 (used to make perfumes) $$M$$M$M$Mi. formaldehyde, H2CO (used in embalming fluids) )$)0j. 1-butyne, C4H6 (a specialty fuel) $)$))$$)))MOLE CALCULATIONS KEY1. How many moles are in pounds of pure sodium carbonate decahydrate, Na2CO3 10H2O?2322322322321 mol Na CO10H g? mol Na CO10H O = lb Na CO10H O 1 g Na CO10H O = mol Na CO 10H O2. How many grams of sodium are there in a pound box of washing soda that is 85% Na2CO3 10H2O?23223223285 lb Na CO10H O mol Na CO10H g?

8 G Na = lb washing soda 100 lb washing g Na CO10H O 1 g Na2 mol Na 1 mol Na CO10H O1 mol Na or 23223285 lb Na CO10H g2 x g Na? g Na = lb washing soda 100 lb washing g Na CO10H O = x 10 g Na3. One source of natural copper is the mineral azurite, Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2. Calculate the maximum mass of copper in kilograms that can be derived from x 104 kg of azurite ore that is azurite. 333 2233 2233 kg Cu (CO ) (OH)1 mol Cu (CO ) (OH) 10 g? kg Cu = x 10 kg ore 100 kg ore1 g Cu (CO ) (OH)3 4 333 g Cu1 kg mol Cu 1 mol Cu (CO ) (OH)1 mol Cu10 g or 33 2233 kg Cu (CO ) (OH)3 x kg Cu? kg Cu = x 10 kg ore100 kg kg Cu (CO ) (OH) = 4 x 10 kg Cu340 Chapter 3 worksheet KeysCHEMISTRY 151 - MOLE CALCULATIONS KEY1.

9 How many moles are there in g sulfuric acid?242424241 mol H SO ? mol H SO = g H SO = g H SO mol H SO2. Only one isotope of X occurs in nature. One atom of this isotope has a mass of x 10 22 g. What is the atomic mass of this element?2223? x 10 x 10 atoms = = mol1 atom1 mol g/mol3. Carbon monoxide, CO( g ), taken into the lungs reduces the ability of the blood to transport oxygen. It is fatal if its concentration reaches x 10 4 g/L. Calculate the number of CO molecules that must be emitted from an automobile exhaust to reach a fatal concentration of CO in a garage with a volume of 105 ft3. x 10 g CO12 cm1 x 10 CO? CO = x 10 ft1 ft1 cm1 g CO = x 1025 molecules CO341 Chemistry 151 worksheet Conversion Between Mass of Element and Mass of Compound Key1. What is the maximum mass of phosphorus that can be obtained from g tetraphosphorus hexox-ide?

10 G P1 mol P O 4 mol P? g P = g P O = g P O1 mol P O1 mol P g Por 46464 x g P? g P = g P O = g P O g P 2. The mineral hematite is iron(III) oxide. Hematite ore contains unwanted material called gangue, in addition to the iron(III) oxide. If kg of ore contains kg of iron, what percentage of the ore is iron(III) oxide?232332323323? kg Fe O % Fe O = x 100 ? kg ore1 mol Fe g Fe kg Fe 10 g1 kg1 mol Fe = x kg ore1 g Fe2 mol Fe1 mol Fe O x 10 g or 232323? kg Fe O kg Fe kg Fe% Fe O = x 100 = x 100 = ? kg kg ore2 x kg Fe Fe O3. Chloromycetin is an antibiotic with the formula C11H12O5N2Cl2. A g sample of an ophthalmic ointment containing chloromycetin was chemically treated to convert its chlorine to chloride, Cl . The chloride was precipitated as AgCl, which weighed g. What is the percent chloromycetin in the ointment?