Klucel® Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) Physical and …

1 KlucelKlucelKlucel hydroxypropylcelluloseKlucelKlucelKlucel KlucelKlucelKlucelKlucelKlucelPhysicalan d ChemicalPropertiesHERCULES INCORPORATEDA qualon DivisionHercules Plaza1313 North Market StreetWilmington, DE 19894-0001(302) PLACEMENT INFORMATION(800) 334-8426 PRODUCT AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION(800) 345-0447 KLUCEL HYDROXYPROPYLCELLULOSECONTENTSPAGEKLUCEL ..3 CHEMISTRY ..4 GRADES AND VISCOSITY 6 MOISTURE ABSORPTION .. 6 POLYMER 6 BURNOUT TEMPERATURE .. 6 DISPERSION AND 7IN WATER .. 7 Method 1 .. 7 Method 2 .. 7 Method 3 .. 7IN ORGANIC LIQUIDS .. 7IN HOT-MELTS AND WAXES .. 8 properties OF 9 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS .. 9 Effect of Concentration and Viscosity Type .. 10 Effect of Temperature .. 10 Precipitation Temperature in Water .. 11 Compatibility With 11 Addition of Certain Ionic Surfactants .. 11 Effect of pH .. 11 Effect of Inorganic Salts .. 11 Compatibility With Other Polymers.

2 12 Water-Soluble Polymers .. 12 Water-Insoluble 13 Viscosity Stability .. 13 Hydrolysis and Oxidation .. 13 Biological Stability .. 13 Preservatives .. 13 Surface and Interfacial Tension .. 14 Recommended 14 VISCOSITY IN ORGANIC SOLVENTSOLUTIONS .. 15 Viscosity and Precipitation Temperaturein Aqueous 17 THERMOPLASTICITY MOLDING AND EXTRUSION ..18 FORMULATION OF MOLDING COMPOUNDS .. 18 FILMS AND COATINGS ..19 FILM 19 PLASTICIZERS FOR FILMS .. 19 ADDITIVE AND MODIFIER FOR FILMS AND COATINGS .. 19 SOLUTION CASTING FOR FILMS AND COATINGS .. 19 INSOLUBILIZING FILMS AND 19 PACKAGING, REGULATORY STATUS, TOXICOLOGY, SAFETY ..20 PACKAGING .. 20 REGULATORY STATUS .. 20 PRODUCT SAFETY .. 21 METHODS OF ANALYSIS .. 21A. Moisture .. 21B. Viscosity in Water .. Preparation .. Determination .. 22C. Viscosity in Ethanol .. 22D. Ash Content .. 22 PRODUCT LISTING SUPPLEMENT.

3 23 Hercules Incorporated, HYDROXYPROPYLCELLULOSEKLUCEL Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) is a nonionic water-soluble cellulose ether with a remarkable combination ofproperties. It combines organic solvent solubility, thermoplas-ticity, and surface activity with the aqueous thickening andstabilizing properties characteristic of other water-solublecellulose polymers available from Hercules Incorporated,Aqualon Division. KLUCEL films are flexible without plasticiz-ers and non-tacky at high information in this booklet presents the Physical andchemical properties of KLUCEL as developed in our researchand plant facilities. Also included is information about thebehavior of KLUCEL with many of the materials that would beused in most applications. A guide to regulatory status andtoxicological studies is provided for convenient Appendix gives information about Aqualon test methodsfor viscosity, moisture, and ash help the reader identify the versatile uses for this water-soluble polymer, a representative listing has been developedand is presented on the following page.

4 Many of these usesfor KLUCEL are discussed in detail in technical literatureavailable from your Aqualon sales representative by request,and/or from our website at for KLUCEL HydroxypropylcelluloseTypes of UsesSpecific ApplicationsProperties UtilizedAdhesivesSolvent-basedThickenerH ot-meltThermoplasticAerosolsFood whipped toppingsStabilizer, foaming aidEmulsions cosmeticsSolvent-basedFilm-former, binderBinderBurnout typesReady burnout, low residue,Electrical insulatorssolvent-solubleCeramic glazesAlcohol core-wash compoundsThickener, binder suspending agentMatrix board manufactureSolvent-solubleCoatingsEdible food coatingsGlaze, oil- and oxygen-barrierTextile and paper coatingsSolvent-soluble film-former, oil- andFilm coatingsfat-barrier, heat-sealableCosmeticsHair styling aidsAlcohol-based preparationsAlcohol-soluble thickener and film-formerPerfumes and colognesEmulsion creams, lotions, andEmulsion stabilizer, thickenershampoosEncapsulationMicro- and macroencapsulationSoluble, edible, flexible film barrier, fast releaseExtrusionFilm and sheetBinder, thermoplastic, water- andProfiles and filamentsolvent-solubleFoodsWhipped toppingsStabilizer, whipping aidEdible coatings for nuts and candiesProtective coating and oil barrierGlaze for confectionsHigh gloss and color coatingsFabricated foodsBinder for molding and extrusionMoldingInjection-, compression-, andBinder, thermoplastic, water- andblow-moldingsolvent-solublePaint removersAcid-basedThickener, acid resistantScrape-off and flush-offPaperCoatingsSolvent-soluble, flexible, thermoplastic film barrierPharmaceuticalsTablet binderAqueous and solvent solubilityTablet coatingThermoplastic binderModified releaseNon-ionic, pH insensitiveLiquids and semisolidsThickener, suspending agent, diffusion barrierFlexible films.

5 Surface activePlastic foamsFoamed sheet, tube, rodThermoplasticityPolyvinyl chlorideSuspension polymerizationSurface-active protective colloidprocessingPrintingInks (water-, alcohol-, and glycol-based)Thickener, binder, suspending agentMiscellaneousCleaners (acid-based)Thickener, acid resistantPolishes (aqueous- and solvent-based)Thickener, stabilizer, suspending agent3 APPLICATIONS}}}}}4 CHEMISTRYKLUCEL Hydroxypropylcellulose is manufactured by reactingalkali cellulose with propylene oxide at elevated temperaturesand pressures. The propylene oxide can be substituted onthe cellulose through an ether linkage at the three reactivehydroxyls present on each anhydroglucose monomer unit ofthe cellulose chain. Published information suggests thatetherification takes place in such a way that hydroxypropylsubstituent groups contain almost entirely secondary hydroxyls. The secondary hydroxyl present in a side chain is available for further reaction with the oxide, and chaining-out may take place.

6 This results in formation of side chainscontaining more than one mole of combined propylene is probable that most of the primary hydroxyls on the cellulose have been substituted and that the reactive groupsremaining are secondary hydroxyls. Some typical molecularweight values are given in Table idealized structure for a portion of a hydroxypropyl-cellulose molecule with a molar substitution (MS) of isgiven in Figure 1 Structure of Hydroxypropylcellulose (MS )Table I KLUCEL Viscosity Types, Viscosities (cps)(a), and Their Corresponding Molecular WeightsIndustrial GradeConcentration in Water by Weight, %Viscosity Types12510Mw(b)H Industrial1,275-3,500 1,150,000M Industrial 3,500-7,500 850,000G Industrial 125- 450 370,000J Industrial 125-450 140,000L Industrial 65-175 95,000E Industrial 250-80080,000 Food Grade, Personal Care Grade, Pharmaceutical GradeViscosity Types12510Mw(b)H CS, HF Pharm1,500-3,000 1,150,000M CS, MF Pharm 4,000-6,500 850,000GF, G CS, GF Pharm 150- 400 370,000JF, J CS, JF Pharm 150-400 140,000LF, L CS, LF Pharm 75-150 95,000EF, E CS 200-60080,000EF Pharm 300-60080,000 Personal Care Grade, Pharmaceutical GradeConcentration in Anhydrous Ethanol, by Weight, %Viscosity Types12510Mw(b)H CS, HF Pharm1,000-4,000 1,150,000M CS, MF Pharm 3,000-6,500 850,000G CS, GF Pharm 75- 400 370,000J CS, JF Pharm 75-400 140,000L CS, LF Pharm 25-150 95,000E CS, EF Pharm 150-70080,000 Grades of KLUCELI ntended MarketGrade DesignationIndustrialIndustrialFoodFPers onal CareCSPharmaceuticalF Pharm5 GRADES AND VISCOSITY TYPESKLUCEL Hydroxypropylcellulose is produced in severalgrades, determined by intended markets.

7 For each grade, up to six viscosity types are available designated as H, M, G, J, L, E. Product designation is a combination of viscositytype followed by grade designation. For example: Klucel HIndustrial, HF, H CS, and HF Pharm. Table I gives the waterand ethanol viscosity specifications by grade for each avail-able viscosity type.(a) All viscosities are determined at 25 C using a Brookfield LVF viscometer with spindle and speed combinations depending on viscosity level. See Appendix. (b) Weight-average molecular weight determined by size exclusion STABILITYLong-term storage stability of KLUCEL hydroxypropylcelluloseis affected by the initial molecular weight of the polymer and storage conditions. Studies have shown that low- andmedium-viscosity types maintain an average of 97% of theiroriginal viscosity after three years when stored at room temperature with frequent exposure to the viscosity types have a higher molecular weight and, therefore, are more susceptible to viscosity loss over have shown that H viscosity types may sustain up to 10% viscosity loss after one year and 20% viscosity lossafter two years.

8 Storage at room temperatures with infrequentexposure to the atmosphere improves viscosity are encouraged to retest H viscosity types afterone year and quarterly thereafter to assure material III Typical properties for KLUCELP roduct as ShippedSolubility in water(a)Solutions are clear and smooth at temperaturesbelow 38 in organic solventsDissolves easily in manypolar solvents to giveclear, smooth solutionsBulk density, (varies with type)Softening temperature100-150 CBurnout temperatureBurns out completely at450 to 500 C in N2or O2 Biological Oxygen Demand14,000 ppmSolutions in WaterSpecific gravity, 2% solutionat 30 index, 2% tension, at dynes/cmInterfacial tension, in water vs refinedmineral dynes/cmBulking value in solution, ( ) gal/lb (l/kg)(a)Silicon dioxide is added as an anticaking agent and may contribute a slight TEMPERATUREKLUCEL has excellent binding properties .

9 It is often used as a temporary binder in production of ceramics, glazes,refractories, and powdered metal products. This polymer isvaporized, or burned out, over the temperature range of 250 to 500 C in oxidizing, reducing, or inert atmospheres. Thevery low ash content of the original KLUCEL and the com-plete absence of organic residues after firing ensure virtuallyuncontaminated end products after grades conform to the specifications given in Table properties are given in Table III. Table II Product Specifications for KLUCEL HPCV iscosityValues are shown inTable formWhite to off-white,granular solidParticle size(1)min. 85% through 30 meshmin. 99% through 20 meshIndustrial Grade:min. 80% through 30 meshmin. 98% through 20 meshAsh content,calculated as Na2SO4, % max, silica free(No ash specification forIndustrial Grades)Moisture content(as packed), % maxpH in water solutionFood and Personal CareGrades: of to (1)Fine x-grind Pharmaceutical Grade E and H viscosity types are available anddesignated as EXAF Pharm and HXAF Pharm.

10 Particle size specifications are:min. 80% through 100 meshmin. 90% through 80 meshmin. through 60 meshMOISTURE ABSORPTIONKLUCEL absorbs moisture from the atmosphere, as do otherwater-soluble materials. The amount absorbed depends onrelative humidity and temperature of the environment. Aspacked, moisture content of all grades does not exceed 5% byweight, and is generally between 2% and 3%. It is suggestedthat KLUCEL be stored in tightly closed containers and in a dry atmosphere to prevent any increase in moisture has a low affinity for water. At any given relativehumidity (RH), it has a lower equilibrium moisture contentthan most other water-soluble polymers. Typical values forKLUCEL are given moisture content at 50% RHand 73 F (23 C)4%Equilibrium moisture content at 84% RHand 73 F (23 C)12%6 PROPERTIES7 KLUCEL HPC is soluble in water at room temperature. It is insoluble in water above 45 C.