VxWorks 5 - Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes

1 VxWorks . NETWORK PROGRAMMER'S GUIDE. Copyright 2002 Wind River Systems, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this publication may be copied in any form, by photocopy, microfilm, retrieval system, or by any other means now known or hereafter invented without the prior written permission of Wind River Systems, Inc. AutoCode, Embedded Internet, Epilogue, ESp, FastJ, IxWorks, MATRIXX, pRISM, pRISM+, pSOS, RouterWare, Tornado, VxWorks , wind, WindNavigator, Wind River Systems, WinRouter, and Xmath are registered trademarks or service marks of Wind River Systems, Inc. Attach Plus, BetterState, Doctor Design, Embedded Desktop, Emissary, Envoy, How Smart Things Think, HTMLW orks, MotorWorks, OSEKW orks, Personal JWorks, pSOS+, pSOSim, pSOSystem, SingleStep, SNiFF+, VxDCOM, VxFusion, VxMP, VxSim, VxVMI, Wind Foundation Classes, WindC++, WindManage, WindNet, Wind River, WindSurf, and WindView are trademarks or service marks of Wind River Systems, Inc.

2 This is a partial list. For a complete list of Wind River trademarks and service marks, see the following URL: Use of the above marks without the express written permission of Wind River Systems, Inc. is prohibited. All other trademarks mentioned herein are the property of their respective owners. Corporate Headquarters Wind River Systems, Inc. 500 Wind River Way Alameda, CA 94501-1153. toll free ( ): 800/545-WIND. telephone: 510/748-4100. facsimile: 510/749-2010. For additional contact information, please visit the Wind River URL: For information on how to contact Customer Support, please visit the following URL: VxWorks Network Programmer's Guide, 14 Aug 02. Part #: DOC-14618-ND-00. Contents 1 Overview .. 1. Introduction .. 1.

3 Chapter Overviews .. 2. UML Notation .. 8. Recommended Reading .. 11. 2 The VxWorks Network Stack .. 13. Introduction .. 13. Supported Protocols and Utilities .. 13. Setting Task Priorities Relative to the Networking Task .. 16. 3 Data Link Layer Components .. 19. Introduction .. 19. Ethernet Driver Support .. 19. BPF, the BSD Packet Filter .. 20. Additional Filter Syntax .. 21. iii VxWorks Network Programmer's Guide The Shared-Memory Backplane Network Driver .. 21. The Backplane Shared-Memory Region .. 22. Backplane Processor Numbers .. 22. The Shared-Memory Network Master .. 23. The Shared-Memory Anchor .. 23. The Shared-Memory Backplane Network Heartbeat .. 25. Shared-Memory Location .. 25. Shared Memory Size .. 26. Test-and-Set to Shared Memory.

4 27. Interprocessor Interrupts .. 27. Sequential Addressing .. 28. Shared-Memory Backplane Network Configuration .. 32. Example Configuration .. 33. Troubleshooting .. 38. Custom Interfaces .. 40. 4 Configuring the Network Stack .. 41. Introduction .. 41. Summary of Configuration Settings .. 41. Configuring the Network Stack at Build Time .. 44. Network Protocol Scalability .. 45. Configuring the ARP, IP, TCP, UDP, IGMP, and ICMP Protocols 46. TCP Window Sizes .. 49. Network Memory Pool Configuration .. 50. Setting the Number of Clusters .. 53. Testing Network Connections .. 56. Supporting Multiple Network Interface Drivers .. 58. Configuring VxWorks for Multiple Drivers .. 58. Overview of TCP/IP .. 58. iv Contents Configuring the IP-to-Link Layer Interface.

5 60. Binding IP to the MUX (Link Layer) .. 61. Assigning an IP Address and Network Mask to an Interface .. 61. Interfaces Configured from the Boot Line .. 62. Assigning the Net Mask to a Network Interface .. 62. Assigning the Internet Address for a Network Interface .. 65. Manually Starting Additional Network Interfaces at Run-Time 67. Configuring IP Broadcast Addresses .. 70. IGMP under VxWorks .. 71. Including IGMPv2 .. 72. IGMPv2 APIs .. 72. IGMPv2 Host Initialization .. 72. IGMPv2 Router Initialization and Termination .. 73. IGMPv2 Router Control .. 73. Working with VIFs (Ports) and ifnet Structure Pointers .. 74. Manually Editing the Routing Table .. 74. Adding Gateways (Routers) to a Network .. 75. Proxy ARP for Transparent Subnets.

6 81. Proxy ARP Protocol Overview .. 81. Routing and the Proxy ARP Server .. 83. Proxy ARP and Broadcast Datagrams .. 83. Proxy ARP Configuration .. 84. Proxy ARP not Limited To a Shared Memory Network .. 85. Proxy ARP with Shared Memory and IP Routing .. 85. Setting Up Boot Parameters and Booting .. 86. Creating Network Connections .. 86. Routing Configuration for Multi-Homed Proxy Clients .. 88. Broadcasts Configuration for Multi-Homed Proxy Clients .. 90. Using Unnumbered Interfaces .. 90. Network Byte Order .. 92. v VxWorks Network Programmer's Guide Assigning Host Names to IP Addresses .. 93. 5 Network Configuration Protocols .. 95. Introduction .. 95. BOOTP, Bootstrap Protocol .. 96. BOOTP Configuration .. 97. The BOOTP Database.

7 97. Editing the BOOTP Database to Register a Target .. 98. DHCP, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol .. 99. Including DHCP Components in an Image .. 100. Configuring the DHCP Client .. 101. Configuring DHCP Servers .. 102. Configuring the Supported DHCP Server .. 102. Adding Entries to the Database of a Running DHCP Server .. 105. Storing and Retrieving Active Network Configurations .. 106. Configuring the Unsupported DHCP Server .. 108. Configuring the Supported DHCP Relay Agent .. 109. DHCP within an Application .. 110. Boot Parameters for DHCP, BOOTP, and Network Initialization .. 111. Boot Parameters Returned from DHCP or BOOTP .. 113. SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocol .. 115. SNMP is a Separately Purchasable Option.

8 116. 6 Dynamic Routing Protocols .. 117. Introduction .. 117. RIP, Routing Information Protocol .. 117. VxWorks Debugging Routines for RIP .. 118. Configuring RIP .. 119. vi Contents Creating an Interface Exclusion List for RIP .. 122. 7 Sockets under VxWorks .. 123. Introduction .. 123. BSD Sockets .. 124. VxWorks -Specific Socket Dependencies .. 124. Datagram Sockets (UDP) .. 125. Using a Datagram (UDP) Socket to Access IP Multicasting .. 129. Stream Sockets (TCP) .. 135. Zbuf Sockets .. 142. Zbuf Sockets and Protection Domains .. 143. Zbuf Calls to Send Existing Data Buffers .. 143. Manipulating the Zbuf Data Structure .. 143. Zbuf Byte Locations .. 144. Creating and Destroying Zbufs .. 145. Getting Data In and Out of Zbufs.

9 145. Operations on Zbufs .. 146. Segments of Zbufs .. 147. Example: Manipulating Zbuf Structure .. 148. Limitations of the Zbuf Implementation .. 152. Zbuf Socket Calls .. 152. Standard Socket Calls and Zbuf Socket Calls .. 153. 8 Remote Access Applications .. 157. Introduction .. 157. RSH, FTP, and netDrv .. 158. RSH .. 159. Configuring the Remote Host to Allow Access to an RSH User 160. FTP .. 160. vii VxWorks Network Programmer's Guide Using netDrv .. 161. Using netDrv to Download Run-Time Images .. 161. NFS and nfsDrv .. 163. VxWorks NFS Clients .. 164. VxWorks NFS Servers .. 166. Initializing a File System for NFS Export .. 167. Exporting a File System through NFS .. 167. Limitations of the VxWorks NFS Server .. 168. About leofs.

10 168. TFTP .. 169. Host TFTP Server .. 169. VxWorks TFTP Server .. 169. VxWorks TFTP Client .. 170. RPC Remote Procedure Calls .. 170. rlogin .. 170. telnet .. 171. 9 DNS and SNTP .. 173. Introduction .. 173. DNS: Domain Name System .. 173. Domain Names .. 174. The VxWorks Resolver .. 174. Resolver Integration .. 175. Resolver Configuration .. 175. SNTP: A Time Protocol .. 176. Using the SNTP Client .. 176. Using the SNTP Server .. 177. viii Contents 10 Integrating a New Network Interface Driver .. 179. Introduction .. 179. The MUX and the OSI Network Model .. 179. The Protocol-to-MUX Interface .. 181. The Datalink-to-MUX Interface .. 182. How ENDs and NPT Drivers Differ .. 182. Managing Memory for Network Drivers and Services.