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The Role of Renewable Energy in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...

ATTACHMENTASTENNESSEEVALLEYAUTHORITY"THE ROLEOFRENEWABLEENERGYINREDUCINGGREENHOUS EGASBUILDUP"SEPTEMBER2003 TennesseeValleyAuthority"TheRoleofRenewa bleEnergyinReducingGreenhouseGasBuildup" , resultofhumanactivities,greenhousegases( GHG)areincreasingintheearth' (C02),methane(CH4),andotherGHGis causingtheearth'stemperaturetorise, , ,theBushAdministration,in2002, ,theAdministrationannouncedtheGlobalClim ateChangeInitiative, , , impactsonthesystem,timingofimplementatio n,and RenewableEnergy?Electricityproducedfromw ind(Figure1),solar,orgeothermalsources,b iomassenergyconversionsystems,andincreas esresultingfrommodernizationofhydroelect ricsystems(HMOD) ,includingdedicatedenergycrops,woodwaste ,landfillgas,digestergas,animalwaste, ,whatqualifiesasa ,naturalgas,anddistillatefuel-whichprodu cescarbondioxide-wind,solar, ',1.

Air Main On the Air The Role ofRenewable Energy in Reducing Greenhouse Gas Buildup As a result ofhuman activities, greenhouse gases (GHG) are increasing in the earth'satmosphere. Many in the scientific community now believe that this increase ofcarbon dioxide (C02), methane (CH4), and other GHG is causing the earth'stemperature to

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Transcription of The Role of Renewable Energy in Reducing Greenhouse Gas ...

1 ATTACHMENTASTENNESSEEVALLEYAUTHORITY"THE ROLEOFRENEWABLEENERGYINREDUCINGGREENHOUS EGASBUILDUP"SEPTEMBER2003 TennesseeValleyAuthority"TheRoleofRenewa bleEnergyinReducingGreenhouseGasBuildup" , resultofhumanactivities,greenhousegases( GHG)areincreasingintheearth' (C02),methane(CH4),andotherGHGis causingtheearth'stemperaturetorise, , ,theBushAdministration,in2002, ,theAdministrationannouncedtheGlobalClim ateChangeInitiative, , , impactsonthesystem,timingofimplementatio n,and RenewableEnergy?Electricityproducedfromw ind(Figure1),solar,orgeothermalsources,b iomassenergyconversionsystems,andincreas esresultingfrommodernizationofhydroelect ricsystems(HMOD) ,includingdedicatedenergycrops,woodwaste ,landfillgas,digestergas,animalwaste, ,whatqualifiesasa ,naturalgas,anddistillatefuel-whichprodu cescarbondioxide-wind,solar, ',1.

2 ,..&.. ~~-~OJsystemsemitnoGHGbecausetheirfuelor energysourceis ,theamountofGHGemittedintotheatmospherec anbereducedonlywhenfossil-fuelgeneration is ,theseemissionsareconsidered"carbondioxi deneutral."Thecarbondioxideintheseemissi onsis ,ifnotusedforelectricitygeneration,thebi omasswouldhavedecayed, ,coalandotherfossilfuelscontaincarbontha thasbeen"locked-up" ,whenfossilfuelsareusedtogenerateelectri cpower,carbondioxidethathasbeenlockedawa yandotherwisewouldnothavebeenemittedis "fossil"carbondioxidethatis ,ifdisposedina landfill, potentGHGthat,pound-for-pound, , emittedfromthecombustionofthemethane,but ,asdiscussedabove, ,usinglandfillgastoproduceelectricityred ucesGHGemissionsintwoways.

3 (1)bydestroyingmethane,and(2)byusingit asa 'sRenewable EnergyTeamconcludedthatapproximately3,00 0MW-equivalentofenergy-fromwind,HMOD,bio Energy (woodwaste,energycrops,andlandfill gas), ,at present,lessthan30percentofthisis cost-competitivewithTVA' (millresidue,forestresidue,andurbanwoodw aste)is , studiesprojectthatapproximately10million tonsofswitchgrass,a native,high-yieldinggrass, , ,thecostofswitchgrassandotherenergycrops currentlyis almosttwicethecostofcoalona ,thelackofadequateinfrastructure,alongwi thtransportationandhandlingcosts, availablewithin5 about25percent,the800 MWofwindcapacityis projectedthatmodernizationofTVA'.

4 However,thecapacityofthesystem,existinge lectricalinfrastructure, ,it wasestimatedthata , considerableamountofsolarphotovoltaic(PV )capacityexistsintheValley-roughly400 MWofcapacity-thelargelandrequirementandh ighcapitalcostofsolarPVsystemsmakethema ,theelectricityproducedbythesesystemstyp icallycostsmore thanelectricitygeneratedfromfossil,hydro electric, revealstherangeingenerationcosts(dollars perkilowatthour)andGHGreductioncosts(dol larspertonofcarbondioxide-equivalent)for HMOD,woodwasteco-firing(withandwithoutas sumingmethanereductions),landfillgas, ,HMOD hasthelowestgenerationcost,andwoodwastec o-firingandlandfillgasenergysystemscange nerateelectricityat a notshownbecauseoftheveryhighgenerationco stsassociatedwiththissystem-from35to60 (withmethanereduction) greaterasa ,buttheyhaveratherhighcapitalcostsandlow capacityfactorsthatmakethemlessattractiv eforreducingGHGemissionsat , ,whichcanbereadilymeasuredandmonitoredby gasanalyzersandflowratemeters,reductions in,oravoidanceof, ,third-partyverificationcostscan.

5 ---------------------~~ *EnergyGenef'lftonCost($IkWh)0+ Yt~.'Y~.w~Ij:!I!~ . " 11M'"LudftII0-~~~ ,..-------J80 60 .. :~~~ (C02e) ,capital, ,andpossiblytaxincentives,areneededifthe utilizationofrenewableenergyis .ililLNoticesIPrivacyPolicyIEmploymentIF OIAINoFearActDataILinkingPolic-yTVAHomeI AboutTVAIP owerIEnvironmentIRiversIEconomicDevelopm entIInvestorsINews

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